【考点梳理 中考英语总复习】考点18 非谓语动词(原卷版)

非谓语动词是历年中考必考知识点。从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为2～4分。从命题意图看，侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用非谓语动词的能力。

1. 动词不定式；

2. 动名词；

3. 分词（现在分词和过去分词）。

非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但同时仍保留动词某些特征的动词形式。非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。

构成：to + 动词原形 动词不定式

作用：作除谓语外的任何成分 构成：v-.ing/v.-ed(规则动词) 动词的非谓语形式 分词

作用：表、定、状、补 构成：v.-ing 动名词

作用：主、宾、表、定 考向一：不定式 1. 动词不定式的作用 句子成分 作主语 用法 谓语动词用单数形式，为避免＂头重脚轻＂常用it作形式主语。常用句型有： ①It is +adj.+for/of sb.+(not)to do sth.意为＂做某事对某人来说是……＂。 ②It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.意为＂做某事花费某人多长时间＂ 作宾语 常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：would like, I would like to make friends want, like,hope, wish, plan，decide,learn, agree, with you.我想要和你交朋友。 try, remember, forget, expect, refuse,afford, I find it difficult to pass my prefer, continue, promise, begin, start 等think,find,believe等动词可用于＂动词+it+adj.+to do sth.＂句型中。it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是后面的不定式。 作定语 动词不定式放在名词、代词后作定语，两者之间常有逻辑上的动宾关系，因此，如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，后面应该加上相应的Can you give me a pen to write with?能给我一只用于书写的笔吗？ math exam.我发现要通过数学考试很难。 例句 To master a language is not easy=It is not easy to master a language.学好一门语言是不容易的。 介词。常接不定式作定语的名词有：time, need, Do you have something to say?way, chance, opportunity, courage, reason, effort, 你有什么要说的吗？ determination, decision ,ability, ambition 作状语 不定式常可用作状语，修饰动词，表示行为的To do a good job,we must have 目的、结果和原因。 the right tools. 要干好活工具要对头。 作表语 放在系动词后作表语。 My dream is to be an engineer.我想成为一名工程师。 2. 不定式的特殊用法 ①使役动词和感官动词后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，须省略to。此类动词有：一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, make, have)、四看(look at, see, watch, notice)、五帮(help)。变为被动语态时，省略的to则要加上。

②动词不定式的否定形式是not to do，其被动形式为to be done。

►Our teacher asked us not to swim in the river alone. 我们老师要求我们不要独自一人在河里游泳。

③常接＂疑问词+带to的不定式＂的动词有teach, show, tell, learn, find out, decide, know, forget等。

►My mother taught me how to cook yesterday. 昨天我妈妈教我如何做饭。 考向二：动名词 （一）动名词的构成

动名词是由＂动词+-ing＂构成，和现在分词形式一样，兼有动词和名词的特点。 （二）动名词作用

句子成分 作主语 用法 单个动名词作主语时谓语动词用单数形式，常用的句型结构有： It is no use（good）+v.ing. 作表语 放在系动词后面作表语 Her job is looking after the children.她的工作是照顾这些小孩子。 作宾语 用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式No matter what happened, I won’t give 例句 Seeing is believing.眼见为实。 It is no use arguing again.再去争吵也没有用。 作宾语的词有：avoid, finish, up achieving my dream.不管发生了什consider, give up, cannot help, 么事情，我都不会放弃去实现我的梦allow, imagine, include, keep, 想。 mind, practice, suggest，succeed in, be used to do, look forward to, enjoy, be busy 作定语 用于名词前，起修饰说明作用 There is a swimming pool in her home.她家有个游泳池。 （三）动名词的特殊用法 即可接动词不定式又可接动名词作宾语的动词有： love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, start, continue, intend, attempt, can’t bear, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, neglect, try, deserve, can’t afford等动词。有时两者之间的意义差别不大，但remember, regret, want, try等词后差别比较明显。 考向三：分词

（一）现在分词和过去分词的构成

现在分词由v.+ing构成，过去分词v.+ed(规则动词)构成。 （二）分词的用法 句子成分 作定语 现在分词表示正在进行，有主动的含义，过去分词表示已经完成，有被动的含义。 作表语 放在系动词后作表语 The story is interesting.I am interested in it. 这个故事很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。 作宾语补足语 作状语 用于补充说明宾语的动作和状态 通常表示主语正在进行的另一动作，来对主语的主要动作加以修饰。 He could hear his heart beating fast. 他可以听见自己的心脏跳得很快。 I got home, feeling very tired. 我疲惫地回到家里。 The crying boy annoyed us a lot.那个哭泣的男孩使我们很烦恼。 用法 例句

非谓语动词解题七大原则

原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式。 原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用-ing。

原则三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing或不定式，其区别是，一般用-ing，表示一定逻辑的结

果，即结果在意料之中。不定式作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外。

原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。但是，如果所涉及的动作尚未发生，

则用不定式的被动式；如果所涉及的动作正在进行，则用-ing的被动式。

原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致。

原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式（根据情况可用不定式的

完成式或-ing的完成式）。

原则七：用于名词后作定语时：用不定式，表示动作尚未发生；用-ing，表示动作正在进行；

用过去分词，表示动作被动、完成。

【巧学妙记】

后跟to do作宾语的动词（词组）

(1)想要，拒绝，忘记 (want/would like, refuse, forget) (2)需要，努力，学习 (need, try, learn) (3)喜欢，同意，帮助 (like, agree, help)

(4)希望，决定，开始 (hope/wish, decide, begin/start)

【巧学妙记】

巧记后跟动名词作宾语的动词

喜欢(enjoy)不断(keep)提建议(suggest)

盼望(look forward to)习惯(be used to)却完毕(finish) 想要(feel like)花费(spend)去练习(practice) 忍俊不禁(can’t help)还介意(mind)

1．The doctor told him _______ smoke. A．don’t to

B．don’t

C．not to

D．not

2．We’ll have a meeting this afternoon to discuss what ________ next. A．do

B．to do

C．doing

3．Our teachers will do what they can ________ us get through all the difficulties. A．help

B．to help

C．helping

D．helped

4．The policemen told the children ________ in the river. A．swim

B．not to swim

C．not swimming

5．Please remember ________ the lights before you leave. A．to turn off

B．turning off

C．to turning off

D．turns off

6．I used to _______ in Tibet, but now I am used to _______ in Shanghai. A．live; living

B．living; living

C．live; live

D．living; live

7．—The World Cup is coming. I am not going to ________ any game! —I’m looking forward to ________ every match of it, too. A．miss; watch C．missed; watch

B．miss; watching D．misses; watched

8．As volunteers, we played an important role in ________ the people who were kept apart for COVID 19 in the Winter Paralympic Games. A．looking for

B．looking after

C．looking out

D．looking through

9．Although we began to learn English 3 years ago, we still have trouble ________ the new words. A．remember

B．remembering

C．to remember

D．of remembering

10．With the help of his friends, he finished ________ the fence in two hours. A．paint

B．painting

C．to paint

D．painted

11．I saw some boys ________ basketball as I walked by the playground. A．play

B．playing

C．to play

12．My family were having dinner when we heard a girl ________ “help”. A．shouting

B．to shout

C．shouted

13．—Did you go to the Science and Technology Museum last weekend? —Of course. I learned about all the inventions_________to our new life. A．lead

B．led

C．leading

14．There was a wallet ________ on the ground and a boy ________ and said it was his. A．laying; lied

B．lie; lay

C．lying; lied

15．On his way home, Lin Tao saw a thief ________ in a shop. He stopped ________ 110 at once. A．steal; call

B．stealing; to call

C．stealing; calling

16．Mr. Smith wants to have his hair ________. A．cutting

B．cut

C．to cut

D．cuts

17．My hometown used to be a small place ________ with ________ it is now. A．compared; how

B．compared; what

C．comparing; what

D．comparing; how

18．Because of the wide spread of the virus Omicron, the government encourages people ________ indoors instead of going to any place ________ with crowds of people during holidays. A．staying; filling C．staying; filled

B．to stay; to fill D．to stay; filled

19．—The 2022 Winter Olympic Games ________ in Beijing achieved great success. —Yeah, and I’m proud of it. A．held

B．was held

C．hold

D．is held

20．Why not read this article aloud? If you are always reading in a low voice, you can’t make yourself ________. Try to be confident! A．hear

B．hearing

21．（2022·贵州铜仁·中考真题）—Do you know there are more than 3,000 languages ______ in the world?

—Sorry, I have no idea. A．speaking

B．spoken

C．speak

D．spoke

C．heard

22．（2022··中考真题）It’s important for the disabled ________ the ability to make a living. A．to have

B．have

C．having

D．has

23．（2022·广西桂林·中考真题）They are working hard ________ tigers. A．saved

B．save

C．to save

24．（2022·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）Whether sportsmen, sportswomen or volunteers, people used their skills and warmth ________ the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics a shining success. A．make

B．making

C．made

D．to make

25．（2022·上海·中考真题）The Internet enables farmers _______ fruits and vegetables across the country. A．sell

B．selling

C．to sell

D．sold

26．（2022·江苏盐城·中考真题）Good news comes that China has sent Shenzhou XIV to space ________ the unknown world. A．explore

B．explored

C．exploring

D．to explore

27．（2022·吉林长春·中考真题）________ heavy traffic, please get up and set out early. A．To avoid

B．Avoid

C．Avoiding

D．Avoided

28．（2022·湖南株洲·中考真题）________ a shared future, we should learn from each other and help each other. A．Create

B．To create

C．Creating

29．（2022·辽宁大连·中考真题）I hope ________ in my hometown after I finish school. A．work

B．works

C．working

D．to work

30．（2022·广西玉林·中考真题）—Safety comes first! Everyone should stop the kids from ________ in the lake or river.

—Life is valuable. Kids must remember ________ the school rules. A．swim; to follow C．swimming; following

B．swim; following D．swimming; to follow

31．（2022·湖南邵阳·中考真题）— Hou can I prevent COVID-19, Dad?

—________ healthy, you should always wear a mask and wash hands frequently. A．Keep

B．Keeping

C．To keep

32．（2022··中考真题）________ too much sweet food will make people get fat. A．Eating

B．Eats

C．Eat

D．Ate

33．（2022·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）—Most teenagers like humorous TV shows. —Me too. I can’t help ________ when I watch them. A．laughing

B．to laugh

C．laughed

D．laugh

34．（2022·上海·中考真题）The young player spends four hours _______ volleyball every day. A．practise

B．practising

C．to practise

D．practised

35．（2022·贵州黔东南·中考真题）There is no doubt _________ Harry Potter is worth _________. A．whether, read

B．if; to read

C．that; reading

D．as; being read

36．（2022·贵州黔东南·中考真题）An old man ________ on the side of the road was found ________, and he was sent to the hospital by the bus driver and passengers immediately. A．lies; dies

B．lay; died

C．lain; dead

D．lying; dying

37．（2022·黑龙江·中考真题）I saw Lily ________ when I passed her room. A．dance

B．dancing

C．to dance

38．（2022·贵州黔西·中考真题）Most of the students are looking forward to ________ themselves after the exams. A．work

B．working

C．relax

D．relaxing

39．（2022·广西河池·中考真题）I usually spend time ________ in the library on weekends. A．read

B．reading

C．reads

D．to read

40．（2022·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）If you have difficulty ________ out the problem, you can ask the teacher for help. A．work

41．（2022·山东·青岛大学附属中学二模）________ a GPS will make ________ easier for you to visit a strange place. A．To take; that

B．To take; it

C．Take; that

D．Take; it

B．working

C．to work

42．（2022·山东·曹县教学研究室二模）No matter where he is, he makes ________ a rule ________ for a walk after supper. A．him...to go

B．it...going

C．it...to go

43．（2022·湖北·房县教学研究中心一模）—You must make an effort ________ smoking. It’s bad for your health.

—You’re right. It might be hard, but it’s worth ________. A．to stop; to try C．stopping; to try

B．to stop; trying D．stopping; trying

44．（2022·四川·富顺第三中学校二模）The villagers tried everything they can _________ the factory ________ the river. A．to prevent; polluting

B．stop; from polluting

C．to keep; polluting

45．（2022·四川广元·二模）—Look at my Bing Dwen Dwen! —Oh, it’s lovely. Could you please tell me _________?

A．how can I buy one B．where do you buy it C．how to have one

D．when can I have one

46．（2022·四川省成都市七中育才学校二模）Our school has held activities ________ the 100th birthday of the Communist Youth League(共青团). A．celebrating

B．celebrated

C．to celebrate

47．（2022·河北·馆陶县教师发展中心二模）—What should I do at the beginning of the exam? —It is necessary to ________ the whole test paper. A．worry about

B．care for

C．look through

D．take off

48．（2022·广西柳州·三模）I don’t think children should be allowed ________. A．smoke

B．to smoke

C．smoking

49．（2022·广西柳州·三模）Every minute is made full use of ________ people’s life. A．saving

B．to save

C．being save

50．（2022·广西钦州·一模）—My grandma is used to ________ in the countryside. —Oh. So is my grandma. A．live

B．lived

C．living

51．（2022·辽宁沈阳·二模）—Is the cartoon ready to ________ on the TV for the children to watch now? —Yes. A．play

B．be played

C．display

D．be displayed

52．（2022·广西贵港·三模）—You play piano so well. How do you do it? —I think it is important ________ piano every day. A．practice

B．practices

C．to practice

D．practicing

53．（2022·广西柳州·模拟预测）—Listen! Who is singing in the next room? —It must be Sally. I often hear her ________ there. A．sing

B．to sing

C．singing

54．（2022·广西贵港·二模）—What did you do last weekend, Becky? —We had good fun ________ to the countryside. A．to drive

B．drive

C．to driving

D．driving

55．（2022·重庆巴蜀中学二模）As we are running out of time, I suggest ________ a taxi to go there. A．take

B．took

C．to take

D．taking

56．（2022·辽宁抚顺·模拟预测）The policeman warned the man ________ after drinking. A．to drive

B．not to drive

C．driving

D．not driving

57．（2022·重庆实验外国语学校三模）To get close to nature, my friends asked me ________ hiking in the mountain last Saturday. A．go

B．went

C．to go

D．going

58．（2022·重庆·模拟预测）My English teacher has gone to Beijing ________ herself. A．improve

B．improved

C．improves

D．to improve