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现在完成时讲解及练习（含答案）
一. 基本结构： 助动词have/has+过去分词（done） 二. 句型：
否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他. 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.
简略答语：Yes,主语 + have/has.（肯定） No,主语 + haven't/hasn't.（否定） 三. 用法
（1） 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 I have spent all of my money （so far）.（含义是：现在我没有钱花了 .） Guo ziju n has （just/already） come.（含义：郭子君现在在这儿 ） My father has gone to work.（含义是：我爸爸现在不在这儿 ） （2） 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的
|
，持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示） 或
状态（be动词表示）常与for （+时间段）,sinee （+时间点或过去时的句子）连用 .| ① for+时段
② since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从 ..... 以来） ③ since+时段 +ago_| ④ since+从句（过去时）
•⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时） Mary has bee n ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998.
四. has gone （to）,has been （to）, has been （in）的区另 U Have/Has gone（to）:去了（现在不在说话现场）\"| Where is your father ? He has gone to Shanghai. Have/Has bee n （to）:去过（已不在去过的地方） My father has bee n to Shan ghai.
Have/has bee n in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）
My father has bee n in Shan ghai for two mon ths. /since two mon ths ago. 五. 现在完成时的标志 1.
动作对现在仍有影响 种含义：
* 以 already, just 和 yet 为标志
He has already got her help.他已得到她的帮助。| He has just seen the film.他刚刚看过这场电影。 He has n't come back yet.他还没有回来。 * 以ever禾口 never为标志
现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的
，用以下四大标志词可以表达这
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This is the best film I have ever seen.这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。 He has never been to Beijing.他从没有到过北京。
*以动作发生的次数为标志
He says he has bee n to the USA three times.他说他已经去过美国三次了。 *以so far （到目前为止）为标 +before
He has got to Beijing so far.到目前为止他已到了北京。
She has passed the examso far.到目前为止她已经通过了考试。 2•过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在
，甚至有可能继续延续下去，我们可以从动作延续
的特性和 时间”点段的区分入手，进一步学习现在完成时。 *①for+时段
②since+过去一个时间点（过去 从句）为标志
1）
现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用
，yesterday,last week, three years ago等； 2） 不能与when连用
3） 现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用 六. 瞬间动词（buy,die,joi n, come , go ,leave,join •不能直接与 for 和 si nee 连用。要改
变动词 buy----have
borrow —keep
come/arrive/reach/get to—be in
go out——be out
leave ----be away begin—be on
finish----be over
open——be open
close —be closed
die----be dead
★ 1.have 代替 buy”
My brother has had（不能用 has bought） this bike for almost four years. ★ 2、用 keep 或 have 代替 borrow
I have kept（不能用 have borrowed） the book for quite a few days. ★ 3、用 be 替代 become
How long has your sister bee n a teacher? ★ 4、用 have a cold 代替 catch a cold
Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. ★ 5、a）用 wear 代替 put on | b） 用“ b*形容词”代终止性动词 1、 be+ married 代 marry 2、 be+ ill 代 fall （get） ill 3、 be+ dead 代 die
4、 be+ asleep代 fall （get） asleep 5、 be+ awake 代 wake/wake up 6、 be+ gone 代 lose,die,sell,leave
如
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7、 be+ open 代 open 8、 be closed 代 close/shut
9、 be+ miss in g（go ne,lost）代 lose c） 用“ be副词”代终止性动词 1、“ be on \"代 start,begin 丨 2、 “ be up \"代 get up
3、 “ be back(to) 代 return to,come back to,go back to
4、 “ be here (there)代 come(arrive,reach,get) here 或 go (arrive,reach,get) there 等等 d)
用“ be介词短语”代终止性动词
1、 “ be in/h+地点\"代替 go to /come to | 2、 用 be in the army 代替 join the army 3、 “ be in/at 地点\"代替 move to 现在完成时练习 一、 单项选择。
1、 Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _______ what's happened to him .(呼和浩特)
A. knew B . have known C . must know D .will know
2、 He has _____ been to Shanghai , has he ?
A. already B .never
3、 Have you met Mr Li ______ ?
C .ever C .before
D . still
D . a moment ago D .has written]
A. just A. is writing
B . ago
4、 The famous writer ____ one new book in the past two years .
B .was writing C .wrote
5、 一 Our country ___ a lot so far . — Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .
A. has changed well B . changed good C . has changed better D. changed better
6、 Zhao Lan ____ already ______ in this school for two years .
A. was studying A. know A. will see A. will they go A . Did do finished
will do finish
B . will study B . had known B . have seen B . did they go
C . has studied C . have known C . saw
C . do they go
D . are studying D . knew D .see
D . have they gone
7、 We _____Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
8、 Harry Potter is a very nice film」 _____ it twice .
9、 — These farmers have bee n to the Un ited States . — Really ? Whe n there ?
10、 ________ — ____ you your homework yet ? — Yes . I it a mome nt ago .
B . Have done finished C . Have done have finished
11、 His father _____ the Party si nee 1978 .
A. joined B . has joined C . was in D . has been in
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12、 _____________________________________________ — Do you know him well ? — Sure .We friends si nee ten years ago .
A. were A. been A. has begun
B . have been B . gone B . had begun
C . have become D . have made
here ?
— About two mon ths .
13、 ______________________ — How long have you
C . come
for ten minutes .
D . arrived D . began D. was
14、 ___________________________ Hurry up! The play
C . has been on C . will
to the library .
15、 It _____ ten years since he left the army . A. is B . has 16、 Miss Green isn't i n the office . she
A .has gone
17、My parents
B . went
Shandong for ten
years
B . have been to
C .will go
D . has been D . have been
A. have bee n in
A. so they
C . have gone to
18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ?
B. don ' t they
C. have they
D. haven ' t they
19、 has Mr White bee n a member of Gree ner China since he to China? A. How soon, comes 20、 His uncle
A. has come here
B. How ofte n, got
C. How long, came
D. How far, arrived
for more tha n 9 years.
B. has started to work
C. has lived there
has left the uni versity
二、 句型转换。
1、 He has never surfed, ?（改成反意疑问句）
2、 They have bee n here si nee 2000.（对划线部分提问） _ _______ they bee n here? 3、 The old man ________ last year. He _______ for a year. （die） （动词填空）
4、 This factory opened twenty years ago.（同义句转换 ）This factory ______ for twenty years. 5、 Miss Gao left an hour ago.（同义句转换）
Miss Gao ________________________________ an hour ago. 6、 Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句） Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ .
7、 The Green Family moved to France two years ago.（同义句转换 ） ______ two years ________ the Gree n family moved to France.
8、 The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago.（把两个句子合并成一个句子 ）
三、 汉译英。
1、 吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。 2、 他昨天收到一封信。 3、 我父亲以前到过长城。 4、 她还没有看过那部新电影。 5、 她去过上海。
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6、 他这些天上哪儿去了？ 参： 一、单项选择。|
1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束， 一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。
这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。 文分析、推理，正确答案是 B。
2、 现在完成时常与 already （已经），just （刚刚，正好），ever （曾经），never （从来， 也不；从不），before （以前），yet （仍然）等连用。故 2应选B。 3、 C
4、 现在完成时常与 recently （近来），so far （到目前为止），in the past/ 等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间， 去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故 5、 C
6、 现在完成时时常与 “for时间段或since +过去时间点\"连用（含从句，从句过去时）。故 6应选C。 7、 C
8、 现在完成时还与 once （—次），twice （两次），three times （三次），several times （几 次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。故
8应选B。
4应选D。
“ las段时间”
句中的动作是从过 故上两侧根据上下
9、 现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二者 又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、 侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，
存在的状态或经常发生的动作，
说话的
与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在
过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如 yesterday , last week , a moment ago等）连用。 故9的正确答案为B。 10、 B
11、 现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与 常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。故 12、 B 13、A 14、C 15、A。
16、 “have/has gone to + 地点\"表示 某人去了某地（还未回来）\"，指主语所指的人不在这儿。 “ have/habeen in +地点\"表示 在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示时间的状语连用。 as
been to +地点\"表示 曾经去过某地（但现在已不在那儿）。 17、 A 18、D 19、C 20、C 二、 句型转换。
1、has he? 2、How long 3、died, has been dead 4、has been open 5、has been away 6、joined ; ago 7、It is, since
8、The bus has been here for ten minutes.
\"故16的正确答案为 A。
“ have/h
for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通
11的正确答案依次为：D。
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三、 汉译英。
1、 Jim has finished doing his homework already. He is free now. 2、 He received a letter yesterday.
3、 My father has been to the Great Wall before. 4、 She has n't see n the new film yet. 5、 She has been to Shanghai. 6、 Where has he been these days*
