阅读判断
第七篇 Moderate Earthquake Strikes England
A moderate earthquake struck parts of southeast England on 28 April 2007，toppling chimneys from houses and rousing residents from their beds. Several thousand people were left without power1 in Kent County. One woman suffered minor head and neck injuries.
\"lt felt as if the whole house was being slid across like a fun-fair ride,3\" said the woman.
The British Geological Survey said the 4.3-magnitude quake4 struck at 8:19 a.m. and was centered under the English Channel5，about 8.5 miles south of Dover6 and near the entrance to the Channel Tunnel7.
Witnesses said cracks appeared in walls and chimneys collapsed across the county. Residents said the tremor had lasted for about 10 to 15 seconds.
\"I was lying in bed and it felt as if someone had just got up from bed next to me.\" said Hendrick van Eck，27，of Canterbury8 about 60 miles southeast of London.\"I then heard the sound of cracking，and it was getting heavier and heavier9.It felt as if someone was at the end of my bed hopping up and down.\"
There are thousands of moderate quakes on this scale around the world each year，but they are rare in Britain. The April 28 quake was the strongest in Britain since 2002 when a 4.8-magnitude quake struck the central England city of Birmingham10. The country's strongest earthquake took place in the North Sea in 1931，measuring 6.1 on the Richter scale11. British Geological Survey scientist Roger Musson said the quake took place on 28 April in an area that had seen several of the biggest erthquakes ever to strike Britain，including one in 1580 that caused damage in London and was felt in France.12 Musson predicted that it was only a matter of time13 before another earthquake struck this part of England. However，people should not be scared too much by this prediction，Musson said，as the modern earthquake warning system of Britain should be able to detect a forthcoming quake and announce it several hours before it takes place. This would allow time for people to evacuate and reduce damage to the minimum.
词汇:
moderate /'mɔdərit / adj. 中等的 magnitude /'mægnitju:d/ n. 值，强度量 topple /‟tɔpl/ v. 倾倒，震倒 rouse /ravz/ v. 唤醒 tremor /‟tremə (r) / n.震动 hop /hɔp/ v. 齐足跳起 fun-fair n. 公共露天游乐场 scale /skeil/ n. 震级
forthcoming /„fɔ:θ‟kʌmiŋ)/ adj. 即将来临的 evacuate /i'vækjveit / v. 疏散 geological / dʒiə'lɔdʒikəl/ adj. 地质的
注释:
1. power:电力
2. Kent County:肯特郡[位于英格兰东南部]
3.It felt as if the whole house was being slid across like a fun-fair ride. 它(地震)给人的感觉是 整幢房子就像游乐场的滑行机一样在滑动.ride是游乐场供人玩乐的乘坐式的活动装置。as if
是\"好像„„一样；仿佛\"，例如:He treated me as if I were his son. 他待我如同待他的儿子一样。
4. the.4.3-magnitude quake:里氏4.3级地震 5. English Channel:英吉利海峡
6. Dover:多佛尔[英格兰东南部港口城市] 7. Channel Tunnel:海峡隧道。Channel Tunnel (常简称为Chunnel)是连接英法两国的海峡隧道。 8. Canterbury:坎特伯雷[英格兰东南部城市，中世纪时曾是宗教朝圣圣地] 9. it was getting heavier and heavier:爆裂声越来越响 10. Birmingham:伯明翰[英格兰中部城市]
11. the Richter scale:里氏震级表。美国地震学家 Charles Francis Richter (1900-1985)于1935年制定了地震震级表。
12. British Geological Survey scientist Roger Musson said the quake took place on 28 April in an area that had seen several of the biggest earthquakes ever to strike Britain，including one in1580 that caused damage in London and was felt in France.英国地质勘测所的科学家 Roger Musson 说，4月28日发生地震的地区曾经遭受过几起英国最大的地震，其中的一次发生在1580年，那次地震蹂躏了伦敦，并波及法国。
13. a matter of time:时间问题。又如: It's not a matter of money. 这个不是钱的问题。
练习:
1. During the April 28 earthquake，the whole England was left without power.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 2. The Channel Tunnel was closed for 10 hours after the earthquake occurred.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 3. It was reported that one lady had got her head and neck injured，but not seriously.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 4. France and several other European countries sent their medical teams to work side by side with the British doctors.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 5. The country's strongest earthquake took place in London in 1580.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 6. Musson predicted that another earthquake would occur in southeast England sooner or later. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 7. It can be inferred from the passage that England is rarely hit by high magnitude earthquakes. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
答案与题解:
1. B 题句说2007年4月28日的地震致使全英格兰都停电，与短文第一段第一句表达的内容不符。短文说地震殃及英格兰东南部的肯特郡部分地区，电力中断，几千名居民无电可用。所以，题句是错误的，答案为B。
2. C 本题所说的意思是:地震发生后，海峡隧道关闭了10小时。题句表达的内容短文中找不到，故答案为C。
3. A 题句的意思是:地震中一个妇女的头部和颈部受了点轻伤。题句表达的意思与第一段最后一句表达的内容相符。所以选项A是答案。
4. C 题句表达的意思是:法国和其他几个欧洲国家派遣他们的医疗队去英国与当地的医生并
- 2 -
肩工作。这一内容短文中找不到，故答案为C。
5. B 题句所说的英国最强烈的地震于1580年发生在伦敦，这与短文表述的事实不符。短文第七段第一句明白无误地说，英国最强烈的地震于1931年发生在北海。题句表达的信息是错误的，故答案为B。
6. A 题句说Masson预言在英格兰东南部迟早将发生另一次地震。这一说法与短文最后一段第三句所表达的意思相符。所以答案是A。
7. A 短文第六段第一句说，全球每年发生强度为里氏4级左右的地震有几千次，但是这种中等强度的地震在英格兰很少发生。据此，读者可以容易地推断出，高震级的地震在英格兰就更少见了。
*第十一篇 Computer Mouse
The basic computer mouse is an amazingly clever invention with a relatively simple design that allows us to point at things on the computer and it is very productive. Think of all the things you can do with a mouse like selecting text for copying and pasting1，drawing，and even scrolling on the page with the newer mice with the wheel. Most of us use the computer mouse daily without stopping to think2 how it works until it gets dirty and we have to learn how to clean it. We learn to point at things before we learn to speak，so the mouse is a very natural pointing device. Qther computer pointing devices include light pens，graphics tablets and touch screens，but the mouse is still our workhorse.
The computer mouse was invented in 19 by Douglas Englehart of Stanford University. As computer screens became more popular and arrow keys were used to move around a body of text，it became clear that a pointing device that allowed easier motion through the text and even selection of text would be very useful. The introduction of the mouse，with the Apple Lisa computer in 1983，really started the computer public on the road to relying on the mouse for routine computer tasks.3
How does the mouse work? We have to start at the bottom，so think upside down for now. It all starts with the mouse ball. As the mouse ball in the bottom of the mouse rolls over the mouse pad，it presses against and turns two shafts. The shafts are connected to wheels with several small holes in them. The wheels have a pair of small electronic light-emitting devices called light-emitting diodes (LED) mounted on either side4. One LED sends a light beam to the LED on the other side. As the wheels spin and a hole rotates by，the light beam gets through to the LED on the other side. But a moment later the light beam is blocked until the next hole is in place. The LED detects a changing pattern of light，converts the pattern into an electronic signal，and sends the signal to the computer through wires in a cable that goes out of the mouse body. This cable is the tail that helps give the mouse its name. The computer interprets the signal to tell it where to position the cursor on the computer screen.
So far we have only discussed the basic computer mouse that most of you probably have or have used.5One problem with this design is that the mouse gets dirty as the ball rolls over the surface and picks up dirt. Eventually you have to clean your mouse. The newer optical mice avoid this problem by having no moving parts.
词汇:
scroll / skrəul/ v. (在显示屏上)上下移动文本 pad /pæd/ n. 垫板
- 3 -
mouse pad 鼠标垫板 graphics /'græfiks/ n. 图形，图表 tablet /'tæblit/ n. 书写板 graphics tablet 图形书写板 workhorse /'wə:khɔ:s/ n. 重负荷工作部件 shaft /ʃa:ft / n. 轴，杆状物 emit /i'mit/v. 射出 diode /'daiəud/ n. 二极管 cursor /'kə:Sər/ n. 光标 optical /'ɔptikl / adj. 光学的
注释:
1. copying and pasting: 复制和粘贴
2. without stopping to think: 没有停下来想一下。\"stop+动词不定式\"是\"停下来去做某件事\"，\"stop+动名词\"是\"停止做某件事\"。例如: We stopped to rest for a while. 我们停下来休息一会儿。He stopped smoking. 他停止抽烟。
3. ...started the computer public on the road to relying on the mouse for routine computer tasks. 使广大计算机用户开始踏上一条依赖鼠标完成常规计算机工作的道路。computer public: 广 大计算机用户。road to 中的to是介词，所以后接动名词relying。 4. mounted on either side = mounted on both sides
5. So far we have only discussed the basic computer mouse that most of you probably have or have used. 到目前为止，我们只限于讨论大多数人应该拥有或用过的基本型的计算机鼠标。
练习:
1. Most computer users want to know how the computer mouse works. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 2. According to the author，general computer users need not to know how the computer mouse was invented.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
3. The computer mouse derives its name from the cable that goes out its body，which looks like the tail of a mouse.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
4. The key components of a computer mouse are the two LEDs. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
5. When an ordinary computer mouse gefs dirty，it has to be replaced with a new one. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
6. The most durable computer mice on sale are the IBM ones. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
7. The optical mouse is superior to the basic one in that the former has no moving parts. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
答案与题解:
1. B 题句的意思是大多数计算机使用者都想了解鼠标的工作原理。这与短文的介绍不符。短文第一段第三句说，大多数计算机使用者天天用计算机，却没有想到要了解一下鼠标的工作原理。题句的信息是错误的，故答案为B。
2. C 题句表达的意思是，短文作者认为一般计算机使用者无须了解鼠标是如何发明的。题句表达的内容短文中找不到，故答案为C。
3. A 题句说鼠标的名称源自鼠标主体拖出的一根看上去像鼠尾巴的电线，这与短文第三段倒数第二句、第三句所介绍的信息相符，所以，本题选项A是正确答案。
- 4 -
4. A短文的第三段说到，鼠标的部件有滚动部件如滚球，还有光电装置如二极管等。二极管将光信号转换为电信号，传送到计算机，计算机根据收到的电信号作出相应的反应，因此，二极管是鼠标的主要部件，而滚轮等只是辅助性的机械部件。题句对短文信息的推断是正确的，故答案为A。
5. B 题句说鼠标脏了，就得更换新的。这一说法与短文包含的信息不符。第一段第三句和末段倒数第二句都提到，鼠标脏了，可以擦干净再用。题句的信息是错误的，故答案为B。 6. C题句说，当前市场上出售的最耐用的鼠标是IBM生产的鼠标。这一说法短文中找不到，故答案为C。
7. A末段说到光电鼠标因为没有普通鼠标使用的滚动部件，所以不会吸附灰尘，用不着擦拭，这是一种新型的鼠标。题句是对短文信息的一种合理推断，所以选项A是正确的。
概括大意与完成句子
第六篇 How We Form First lmpression
1 We all have first impression Of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion about Someone without really knowing anything about him or her -aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits.
2 The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits，even very minor difference in how a person's eyes，ears，nose，or mouth are placed in relation to each other makes you see him or her as differene1.In fact，your brain continuously process incoming sensory information- the sights and sounds of your world. These incoming \"signals\" are compared against2 a host of \"memories\" stored in the brain areas called the cortex system to determine what these new signals \" mean\" .
3 If you see someone you know and like at school3，your brain says \"familiar and safe. \" If you see someone new，it says，\"new-potentially，threatening\". Then your brain starts to match features of this stranger with other \" known\" memories. The height ，weight，dress ，ethnicity ， gestures ，and tone of voice are all matched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristics ，the more your brain may say，This is new. I don't like this person\". Or else，\"I'm intrigued\" . Or your brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes，ethnicity，gestures-like your other friends; so your brain says: \"I like this person\" . But these preliminary \"impressions\" can be dead wrong4
4 When we stereotype people，we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of people-their history，interest，values， strengths，and true character - we categorize them as jocks，geeks，or freaks.
5 However，if we resist initial stereotypical impressions，we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person，hear about his or her life，hopes，dreams，and become aware of the person's character，we use a different，more mature style of thinking- and the most complex areas of our cortex，which allow us to be humane.
词汇:
trait /trei，treit/n. 特点，特征，特性 host/h?ust/ n. 一大群，许多
- 5 -
simplistic /sim'plistik/ adj. 过分单纯化的 sensory/'sens?ri/ adj. 感官的，感觉的 categorical /k?ti'g?rikl/ adj. 绝对的 cortex /'k?:teks/ n. 脑皮层
jock /d??k/ n. 骗子 ethnicity /eθ'nis?ti/ n. 种族特点 geek /gi:k / n. 反常的人 intrigue /in'tri:g/ v. 激起兴趣 stereotype /'steri?taip/ v. 对„„产生成见 freak /fri:k/ n. 怪人 humane /hju:'mein，hju-/ adj. 有人情味的，人文的
注释:
1. Your ?rain，is so sensitive in picking up facial traits，even very minor difference in how a person's eyes ，ears ，nose ，or mouth are placed in relation to each other makes you see him or her as different. 从 even 开始到 as different 是个结果状语从句，相当于that even very minor ... ，而 that 是与主句中的 so 呼应的。
2. against:和„„对比
3. If you see someone you know，and like school ... :如果你在学校里看到某个你认识而且喜欢的人„„，like在这里是动词。
4. dead wrong: 相当于completely wrong dead wrong是口语表达用语。
练习:
1. Paragraph 2_____ 2. Paragraph 3_____ 3. Paragraph 4_____ 4. Paragraph 5_____
A Ways Of Departure from Immature and Simplistic Impressions B Comment on First Impression C Illustration Of First Impression
D Comparing Incoming Sensory Information Against Memories E Threatening Aspect of First Impressions
F Differences Among Jocks，Geeks and Freaks
5. Sensory information is one that is perceived through_____.
6. You interpret _____ by comparing it against the memories already stored in your brain. 7. The way we stereotype people is a less mature form of thinking，which is similar to_____.
8. We can use our more mature style of thinking thanks to_____.
A a stranger's less mature type of thinking B the most complex areas of our cortex
C the immature form of thinking of a very young child D the meaning of incoming sensory information E the sights and sounds of the world
F an opportunity to analyze different forms of thinking
- 6 -
答案与题解:
1. D 本段叙述的是人脑解读感官信息的过程。
2. C 本段举例说明第一印象解读的过程，将第二段叙述的内容具体化。
3. B 本段对第一印象进行了评论，说第一印象不成熟，simplistic and categorical。 4. A 本段说如果我们与某个人多接触，了解他的生活、希望、梦想和性格特征，我们对该人的认识就不会停留在第一印象的阶段，而是进入一个更深的层次。
5. E 选 E 的依据在第二段的第三句。
6. D 选 D 的依据在第二段的最后两句。sensory information 的意思就是information perceived through sensory organs (视觉、听觉、味觉、触觉、嗅觉等)。
7. C 选 C 的依据在第四段的第一句，该句是:When we stereotype people，we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others.
8. B 选 B 的依据在第五段第二句。
第十篇 Washoe Learned American Sign Language
1 An animal that influenced scientific thought has died. A chimpanzee named Washoe and born in Africa died of natural causes late last month at the age of 42 at a research center in the American state of Washington. Washoe had become known in the scientific community1 and around the world for her ability to use American Sign Language2 . She was said to be the first non-human to learn a human language. Her skills also led to debate3 about primates and their ability to understand language.
2 Research scientists Allen and Beatrix Gardner began teaching Washoe sign language in 1966. In 1969，the Gardners described Washoe's progress in a scientific report. The people who experimented with Washoe said she grew to understand4 about 250 words. For example，Washoe made signs to communicate when it was time to eat. She could request foods like apples and bananas. She also asked questions like，\"Who is coming to play?\" Once5 the news about Washoe spread，many language scientists began studies of their own6 into this new and exciting area of research. The whole direction of primate research changed.
3 However，critics argued Washoe only learned to repeat sign language movements from watching her teachers. They said she had never developed true language skills. Even now there are some researchers who suggest that primates learn sign language only by memory，and perform the signs only for prizes. Yet Washoe's keepers disagree. Roger Fouts is a former student of the Gardners7 . He took Washoe to a research center in Ellensburg，Washington. There，Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees，which are still alive.
4 Scientists like private researcher Jane Goodall believe8 Washoe provided new information about the mental workings of chimpanzees. Today，there are not as many scientists studying language skills with chimps. Part of the reason is that this kind of research takes a very long time.
5 Debate continues about chimps' understanding of human communication. Yet，one thing is sure - Washoe changed popular ideas about the possibilities of animal intelligence.
- 7 -
词汇：
chimpanzee /t?imp?n'zi: / n. 黑猩猩 critic /'kritik/ n. 评论家，批评家 community /ka'mju:niti/ n. 社区，圈子 workings n. 活动，运行
primate / 'praimeit / n. 灵长类动物 chimp /t?imp/n. = chimpanzee 黑猩猩
注释:
1. in the scientific community:在科学界，在科学家的圈子里
2. American Sign Language ( ASL) :美国手语。利用手、脸部表情、身体姿势表达思想的美聋哑人语言。在加拿大、墨西哥等地也使用 ASL。ASL与British Sign Language (BSL，英国手语)不同，两者不能相互理解。
3. led to debate:引起辩论。lead to意为\"导致\" ，to为介词，debate为名词。 4，„she grew to understand about 250 words:„她逐渐掌握了约 250 个单词。grow to 是\"渐渐\"的意思。
5. once:一旦。once是连接词。例如:Children like to cycle once they have learned how. 小孩一旦学会了如何骑自行车，就会喜欢上它。
6. of their own:属于自己的。of their own 的含义与 on their own 不同，on their own 是\"独自\"的意思。
7. the Gardners: Gardner夫妇
8. Scientists like private researcher Jane Goodall believe ... :像个体研究者Jane Goodall这样的科学家相信......，like，(像，跟„„一样)是介词，本句的谓语是 believe。句子中的 private
researcher意为\"不受雇于任何单位，自己工作的科研人员\"。
练习:
1. Paragraph 1_____ 2. Paragraph 2_____ 3. Paragraph 3_____ 4. Paragraph 4_____
A Reason Why Not Many Scientists Carry out This Research Nowdays B Report about Washoe'.s Progress in Learning Sign Language C Genera1 Information about Washoe
D The Gardeners' Contributions Recognized E Debate on Chimps' Intelligence
F Washoe's Love for Three Young Chimps
5. Washoe could make signs to communicate_____. 6. Some scientists doubted_____.
7. Washoe taught three younger chimps sign language_____. 8. The experimenters thought Washoe was intelligent_____.
- 8 -
A if the Gardeners'argument was sound
B because she was cleverer than other chimps C when she wanted to eat
D while she was at a research center in Ellensburg E because she could use sign language to ask for fruits F while Washoe was learning sign language
答案与题解:
1. C 第一段主要介绍黑猩猩 Washoe 的出生地、死亡年龄、被带到美国学习美式手语等一般情况。用 General Information about Washoe 来概括是很准确的。
2. B 第二段的关键句是: In 1969 ，the Gardners described Washoe's progress in a scientific report。随后的句子简略介绍了 Washoe 的学习情况和结果，如已学会 250 个单词，并能用手语表达\"该吃饭了\"等概念。所以，Report about Washoe's progress in learning sign language (选项 B) 是答案。
3. E 第三段介绍了对 Gardener 夫妇发表的报告有两种不同的解读。一派认为 Washoe 的手语能力只是机械重复、死记硬背、物质激励的结果，不是智能的表现。另一派认为这是智能的表现，其证据是 Washoe 还能教三个小猩猩学习手语。争论的焦点是黑猩猩有没有智能。选项 E 用 debate 来概括上述争论，所以是答案。
4. A 第四段解释了为什么现在从事这项研究的科学家人数不多。部分原因是研究周期太长。
5. C 选 C 的依据是第二段第四句: Washoe made signs to communicate when it was time to eat。
6. A 第三段的上半段说了一些科学家对 Gardener 夫妇的实验的解读所持怀疑态度。题干中出现的 doubted 引导我们选 A。
7. D 选 D 的依据是第三段的最后一句，即 \"He took Washoe to a research center in Ellensburg，Washington. There，Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees，which are still alive.
8. E 本文第二段谈到实验的成果时有这一个句子: \"She could request foods like apples and bananas.根据全段意思和上述句子，选择 E 是正确的。
阅读理解
第一篇 Telling Tales about People
One of the most common types of nonfiction, and one that many people enjoy reading, is
stories about people's lives. These stories fall into three general categories: autobiography, memoir, and biography.
An autobiography is the story of a person's life written by himself or herself. Often it begins
- 9 -
with the person's earliest recollections and ends in the present. Autobiography writers may not be entirely objective in the way they present themselves. However, they offer the reader a good look at the way they are and what makes them that way. People as diverse as Benjarmin Franklin and Helen Keller have written autobiographies. 1Other writers, such as James Joyce，have written thinly fictionalized accounts of their lives. These are not autobiographies，but they are very close to it.
Memoirs, strictly speaking, are autobiographical accounts that focus as much on the events of the times as on the life of the author. 2Memoir writers typically use these events as backdrops for their lives. They describe them in detail and discuss their importance. Recently，though，the term memoir seems to be becoming interchangeab1e with autobiography. A memoir nowadays may or may not deal with the outside world.
Biographies are factual accounts of someone else's life. In many senses，these may be the hardest of the three types to write. Autobiography writers know the events they write about
because they lived them. But biography writers have to gather information from as many different sources as possible. Then they have to decide which facts to include. Their goal is to present a balanced picture of a person，not one that is overly positive or too critical. A fair well-presented biography may take years to research and write.
词汇：
backdrop /'bæk,drɔp/ n. 背景 interchangeable /intə 'tʃendʒəbl/ adj. 可转换的
注释：
1. People as diverse as Benjamin Franklin and Helen Keller have written autobiographies. 就像本杰明•富兰克林和海伦•凯勒一样，各种各样的人们已经写了自传。
2. Memoirs，strictly speaking，are autobiographical accounts that focus as much on the events of the times as on the life of the author. 严格意义上来讲，回忆录是既注重作者本身的生活经历，也注重其所处的时代所发生的事件的自传性的描述。
练习：
1. This passage is mostly about _______.
A. the characteristics of autobiographies，memoirs，and biographies B. famous autobiographies
C. why biography can be difficult to write
D. differences between autobiographies and memoirs 2. Helen Keller wrote________.
A. a memoir
B. an autobiography C. a work of fiction D. a biography
3. Autobiography writers are not always objective because they________. A. feel they have to make up details to make their books sell B. constantly compete with biography writers C. want to present themselves in a good light D. have trouble remembering the good times
- 10 -
4. The writer introduces each category in the passage by________. A. defining it
B. giving an example
C. explaining why it is hard to write
D. telling when people first began writing it 5. Diverse means________. A. able to swim in deep water B. similar or alike C. varied or different D. enjoying poetry 答案与题解：
1. A 本题问的是：这篇文章主要是关于？文章第一句说到最普遍的非小说类文学作品类型之一就是一些来描述人们生活的故事，这些故事大致分为三类：自传 回忆录和传记。然后通篇对这三种类型进行了介绍，因此A是正确答案。
2. B 本题问的是：海伦·凯勒谢了什么？第二段第5句话写到：就像本明杰·富兰克林和 海伦·凯勒一样，各种各样的人们已经写了自传。因此B是正确答案。 3. C本题问的是：自传作者通常不太客观，因为他们？第二段提到：他们给读者提供了一个途径来了解自己比较好的行事风格„„，因此答案是C，他们想展示自己好的一面。 4. A本题问的是：本文的作者通过何种方式介绍每种类型的非小说文学作品？答案是A，通过给每个类型进行定义。 5. C本题问的是：diverse 的意思是？其汉语意思为“多种多样的”，因此C正确。
第八篇 The Changing Middle Class
The United States perceives itself to be a middle-class nation. However，middle class is not a real designation，nor does it carry privileges.1 It is more of a perception，which probably was as true as it ever could be right after World War II. The economy was growing，more and more people owned their own homes，workers had solid contracts with the companies that employed them，and nearly everyone who wanted a higher education could have one. Successful people enjoyed upward social mobility. They may have started out poor，but they could become rich. Successful people also found that they had greater geographic mobility. In other words，they found themselves moving to and living in a variety of places.
The middle class collectively holds several values and principles. One strong value is the need to earn enough money to feel that one can determine one's own economic fate. In addition，middle class morality embraces principles of individual responsibility，importance of family, obligations to others，and believing in something outside oneself. 2
But in the 1990s those in the middle class found that there was a price for success. A U. S.News & World Report survey in 1994 indicated that 75 percent of Americans believed that middle class families could no longer make ends meet 3. Both spouses now worked，as did some of the children; long commutes became routine; the need for child care put strains on4 the family; and public schools were not as good as they once were. Members of the middle cIass were no longer financing their lifestyles through earnings but were using credit to stay afloat. The understanding of just what middle class meant was changing.
- 11 -
词汇：
designation /dezig'neiʃən/ n. 称号 commute /kə'mju:t/ n. 上下班路程 mobility /məu'biləti/ n. 流动性
注释：
1. However，middle c1ass is not a real designation，nor does it carry privileges. 然而，中产阶级既不是一个真实的称号，也不会带来特别待遇。 2. In addition，middle-c1ass morality embraces principles of individual responsibility，importance of family，obligations to others，and believing in something outside onesèlf. 另外，中产阶级的道德观包括个人的责任感、家庭的重要性、对他人的使命感以及相信自我以外的事物。 3. make ends meet：收支相抵，维持生活 4. put strains on：带来压力
练习：
1. The information in this passage deals with_______. A) an individual
B) a social and economic group C) a political organization D) government
2. A common middle class value is that________. A) people should always have fun
B) children should be seen and not heard C) debt is nothing to worry about D) the family is very important
3. ln the years after World War II，the middle class could be defined as_______. A) overburdened and in debt B) hard working and suspicious C) prosperous and optimistic D) young and foolish
4. The phrase “In other words\" in the first paragraph means that the following statement is_____. A) an exception to the previous idea B) a denial of the previous idea
C) a restatement of the previous idea D) a contrasting idea
5. The word collectively means______. A) as a group B) hesitatingly C) unknowingly D) weakly
答案与题解：
1. B 本题的问题是：本文的信息是关于？本文通篇讲述美国的中产阶级，指的是社会和经济群体，因此选择B。
2. D本题的问题是：一个普遍的中产阶级价值观是？本篇第二段最后一句话讲到，“中产阶
- 12 -
级的道德观包括个人的责任感、家庭的重要性、对他人的使命感以及相信自我以外的事物”。A、B、C三个选项不包括在内，因此正确答案是D。
3. C 本题的问题是：在二战之后的几年，中产阶级可以被定义为，本篇第一段提到了当时美国经济不断增长并且人们生活水平有了提高，因此选择C选项，繁荣并且乐观。
4. C 本题的问题是：第一段中的\"ln other words\"这个短语与下列说法一致的是，\"In other words\"汉语意思是换句话来说，因此正确答案是C。
5. A 本题的问题是：单词\"collectively\"的汉语意思是“相同地”，选择A。
第十篇 A Letter from Alan
I have learnt of a plan to build three hundred houses on the land called Parson's Place by the football ground. Few people know about this new plan to increase the size of our town. For me，Parson's Place is special because it is a beautiful natural area where local people can relax - the small wood has many unusual trees and the stream is popular with fishermen and bird-watchers. It's very quiet because there are few houses or roads nearby. I think that losing this area will be terrible because we have no other similar facilities in the neighbourhood.
I am also against this plan because it will cause traffic problems. How will the people from the new houses travel to work? The motorway and the railway station are on the other side of town. Therefore，these people will have to drive through the town centre every time they go anywhere. The roads will always be full of traffic，there will be nowhere to park and the tourists who come to see our lovely old buildings will leave. Shops and hotels will lose business. If the town really needs more homes，the empty ground beside the railway station is a more suitable place.
No doubt the builders will make a lot of money by selling these houses. But，in my opinion，the average person will quickly be made poorer by this plan. As well as this，we will lose a very special place and our town will be much less pleasant.
I am going to the local government offices on Monday morning to protest about this plan and I hope that your readers will join me there. We must make them stop this plan before it is too late. 词汇:
facility /fə‟siləti/ n. 场所，设施 protest /prəu‟test/ v.
motorway / „məutəwei / n. 高速公路
注释:
1. For me，Parson's Place is special because it is a beautiful natural area where local people can relax—the small wood has many unusual trees and the stream is popular with fishermen and bird-watchers. 对我来说，帕森场是非常特别的，因为它是一个美丽的天然场地并且当地人可以在此放松休息。这片小树林里有许多独特的树木并且这里的小溪受到了渔夫和野鸟观察 者的欢迎。
2. The roads will always be full of traffic，there will be nowhere to park and the tourists who come to see our lovely old buildings will leave. 公路上将总是有很多车辆，却没有地方停车，并且来参观我们这儿可爱的老式建筑物的观光者将会离开这里。
- 13 -
3. As well as this，we will lose a very special place and our town will be much less pleasant.不但 如此，我们将失去一个非常特别的地方并且我们的城镇将会失去很多快乐。
练习:
1. Why has Alan written this letter?
A) To persuade the government to build new houses. B) To protest about a new motorway near the town.
C) To encourage more people in the town to use Parson's Place. D) To inform other people about the builders' plans.
2. Why is Parson's Place particularly important，in Alan's opinion? A) Because it is near the football ground. B) Because lots of people live near it.
C) Because it is a place near the town where people can enjoy nature. D) Because local people can get there easily by car from the town. 3. What will cause traffic jams? A) A building on Parson's Place.
B) Building near the railway station. C) Tourists in the narrow streets.
D) People going to the shops and hotels.
4. Alan says that ordinary people who live in the town will probably soon _____. A) open new shops and hotels B) choose to live near the station C) be able to buy new homes D) have less money
5. Which of these posters has Alan made? A) SAVE OUR SPORTS GROUND
B) SAY NO TO HOUSES ON PARSON' S PLACE C) WE NEED HOMES NOT HOTELS D) USE THE TRAIN NOT THE ROAD
答案与题解:
1. D 本题问的是:为什么Alan写这封信? A、B、C选项在文中没有提到，D选项的意思是让其他人了解建筑商的计划，因此 D是正确答案。
2. C 本题问的是:在Alan看来，为什么帕森场非常重要?第一段中提到“因为它是一个美丽的天然场地并且当地人可以在此放松休息”。因此 C 是正确答案。 3. A 本题问的是:什么将会引起交通堵塞?第二段提到了，如果按照建筑商的计划，那么“公 路上将总是有很多车辆，却没有地方来停车”。因此选择 A。
4. D 本题问的是:Alan说住在城镇的人们将来可能会，本文第三段提到“每个人将会因这个计划的实施而快速地变穷\"。因此选择 D。
5. B 本题问的是:以下哪个是Alan制作的海报? Alan在本文中一直在说抵制建筑商在帕森 场上建造房屋的计划，因此选择 B，对帕森场上的房屋说不。
第十一篇 The Development of Ballet
- 14 -
Ballet is a dance form that has a long history. The fact that it survives to this day shows that it has adjusted as times have changed.
Ballet began in the royal courts during the Renaissance. At that time it became common for kings and queens，as well as other nobility，to participate in pageants that included music，poetry， and dance. As these entertainments moved from the Italian courts to the French ones，court ladies began participating in them. Though their long dresses prevented much movement，they were able to perform elaborate walking patterns. It was not until the 1600s that women dancers shortened their skirts，changed to flat shoes，and began doing some of the leaps and turns performed by men.
It was also in the 1600s that professional ballet began. King Louis XIV of France，himself a devoted dancer，founded the Royal Academy of Dance. The five basic feet positions from which all ballet steps begin were finalized. In the late 1700s another important change occurred. Ballet began to tell a story on its own. It was no longer simply dance to be performed between acts of plays. Elaborate wigs and costumes were eliminated. By the early 1800s dancers learned to rise on their toes to make it appear that they were floating.
Classical ballet as we know it today was influenced primarily by Russian dancing. The Russians remained interested in ballet when it declined in other European countries in the mid -1800s. One of the most influential figures of the early 20th century was Sergei Diaghilev. His dance company，the Ballets Russes，brought a new energy and excitement to ballet. One of his chief assistants，George Balanchine，went on to found the New York City Ballet in 1948 and to influence new generations of dancers. 词汇:
adjust / ə' dʒʌst/v. 调整 eliminate /i'limineit/ v. 淘汰
pageant / 'pædʒ ənt / n. 盛会 influential / influ'enʃəl/adj. 有影响力的 注释:
1. At that time it became common for kings and queens，as well as other nobility，to participate in pageants that included music，poetry，and dance. 在那时，芭蕾舞在国王、王后以及贵族之间变得普遍，并且与音乐、诗歌以及舞蹈一起参与到盛会的表演。
2. It was not until the 1600s that women dancers shortened their skirts，changed to flat shoes，and began doing some of the leaps and turns performed by men. 直到17世纪女舞者缩短了她们的裙子，改穿平底鞋，并且通过男舞者的帮助开始做一些跳跃和转圈动作。
3. The five basic feet positions from which all ballet steps begin were finalized. 由此正式确定了 脚的5个基本位置，这 5个外开的位置成为发展芭蕾舞技术的基础。
练习:
1. This passage deals mainly with _____. A) famous names in ballet
B) French versus Russian ballet C) the way ballet developed
- 15 -
D) why ballet is no longer popular
2. An important influence in early ballet was_____. A) Balanchine
B) Marie Antoinette C) Diaghilev D) Louis XIV
3. You can conclude from this passage that ballet_____. A) is a dying art
B) will continue to change as new people and ideas influence it C) is only currently performed in Russia and the United States D) is often performed by dancers with little training 4. The information in this passage is presented_____. A) through the story of one dancer
B) by describing various positions and steps C) by listing reasons why ballet has succeeded D) in chronological order
5. The word pageants means_____. A) dances B) instructors C) kings
D) elaborate shows
答案与题解:
1. C 本题问的是:这篇文章主要讲述的是，A、B、D 选项都是文章的一部分，而本文主要讲的就是芭蕾舞的发展，因此 C 是正确答案。
2. D 本题问的是:对于早期芭蕾舞最重要的影响是，本文第三段提到“在 17 世纪，专业的芭蕾舞蹈团应运而生”“法国国王路易十四建立了皇家舞蹈学院”，因此 D 是正确答案。 3. B 本题问的是:从这篇文章你可以总结出芭蕾，A 、C、D 选项在文中没有提到，结合本文最后一段可以看出 B 选项是正确的，芭蕾将随着新的人物和新的想法而改变。 4. D 本题问的是:本文的信息是通过何种方式介绍的。本文从芭蕾舞的起源开始一直介绍到 芭蕾舞的现况，因此选择 D，按照时间前后的顺序。
5. D 本题问的是:单词 pageant 的汉语意思是什么，正确答案是 D ，盛大的表演。
第十六篇 The Sahara
The name Sahara derives from the Arabic word for \"desert\" or \"steppe\". At 3. 5 million square miles，an area roughly the size of the United States，the Sahara Desert in northern Africa is the largest desert in the world. lt spans the continent from the Atlantic Ocean to the Red Sea. Daytime temperatures can reach as high as 130°F. The humidity sometimes gets into the teens. But it can also be as low as 2. 5 percent，the lowest in the world. Most of the Sahara receives less than five inches of rain per year，while large areas sometimes have no rainfall at all for years.
At the heart of the Sahara is the landlocked north African country of Niger. Here the sand dunes can be 100 feet tall and several miles long. Here sand plains stretch over an area larger than Germany where there is neither water nor towns. Yet sitting in the midst of the surrounding desert
- 16 -
is the town of Bilma. Suddenly there are pools of cIear water. Surprisingly，there are groves of date palms. Underground water resources，or oases，sufficient to support irrigated agriculture are found in dry stream beds and depressions. Irrigation ditches run off a creek to water fields. Corn，cassava，tea，peanuts，hot peppers，and orange，lime，and grapefruit trees grow in these fields. Donkeys and goats graze on green grass.
The Sahara of Niger is still a region where you can see a camel caravan of 500 camels tied together in loose lines as long as a mile，traveling toward such oasis towns. There a caravan will collect life-sustaining salt，which is mined from watery basins，and transport it up to 400 miles back to settlements on the edges of the desert. The round trip across the vast sands takes one month.
词汇:
Humidity /hju'mId ət l/ n. 湿度 irrigate / ' lrlgelt/ v. 灌溉
stretch / stretʃ/ v. 伸展 camel /'kæm əl/ n. 骆驼 date palms n. 椰枣树 注释:
1. Underground water resources，or oases，sufficient to support irrigated agriculture are found in dry stream beds and depressions. 在干河床和洼地处可找到充足的地下水资源或者绿洲来支持灌溉农业。
2. Irrigation ditches run off a creek to water fields. 灌溉沟渠通过一条小溪到达水田中。 3. Donkeys and goats graze on green grass. 青草上放养着驴和山羊。
练习:
1. This passage is mostly about _______. A) life in the Sahara B) the deserts of Africa C) Bilma
D) how camels travel in the desert
2. Rainfall in most of the Sahara is_______. A) less than five inches per year B) less than ten inches per year C) less than twenty inches per year D) zero
3. The Sahara can be described as_______. A) a place of contrasts
B) a place where no one Iives
C) an area where the winters are cold D) an area that appeals to many tourists
4. The phrase \"an area roughly the size of the United States\" gives an indication of the size of_______.
A) northern Africa B) Niger C) the Sahara
- 17 -
D) all of Africa
5. In this passage caravan means _______. A) traveling circus
B) group traveling together through difficult country C) railroad train
D) a small，fast sailing ship
答案与题解:
1. A 本题问的是:这篇文章主要讲了什么?根据文段，本文主要介绍了撒哈拉沙漠的地理概 况，城镇的农业，以及城镇之间的日常来往。B 选项范围过宽。C 选项不全面，文章不止介绍了比尔马的情况。D 选项文中没有具体介绍。所以 A 是对的。
2. A 本题问的是:在撒哈拉的绝大多数地区，降雨情况如何?根据第一段的最后一句话，撒哈拉的绝大多数地区每年降雨量低于 5 英寸。所以 A 正确。 3. A 本题问的是:撒哈拉沙漠可以被描述成什么? A 的意思是，一个具有强烈对比的地方。B 的意思是杳无人烟的地方。C 的意思是冬天很冷的地区。D 的意思是吸引很多游客的地方。B，C，D 均不符合文意，因此 A 正确。
4. C 本题问的是:句子“大约和美国大小相当的地区”指明的是什么地方的大小?根据第一段的第二句话可知，本句的主语是撒哈拉沙漠。因此 C 正确。
5. B 本题问的是:文中“caravan”的意思是什么? A 的意思是旅行马戏团。C 是火车。D 是又小又快的帆船。根据文中的介绍，穿过沙漠的驼队由上百只骆驼组成，来到绿洲城镇收集 盐，因此 B 选项“一群人一起穿过条件恶劣的国家”是正确的。
*第十九篇 The Family
The structure of a family takes different forms around the world and even in the same society. The family's form changes as it adapts to changing social and economic influences. Until recently, the most common form in North America was the nuclear family，consisting of a married couple with their minor children. The nuclear family is an independent unit. It must be prepared to fend for itself. Individual family members strongly depend on one another. There is little help from outside the family in emergencies. Elderly relatives of a nuclear family are cared for only if it is possible for the family to do so. In North America，the elderly often do not live with the family ; they live in retirement communities and nursing homes.
There are many parallels between the nuclear family in industrial societies，such as North America，and of families in societies such as that of the Inuits，who live in harsh environments. The nuclear family structure is well adapted to a life of mobility. In harsh conditions，mobility allows the family to hunt for food. For North Americans，the hunt for jobs and improved social status also requires mobility.
The nuclear family was not always the North American standard. In a more agrarian time，the small nuclear family was usually part of a larger extended family. This might have included grandparents，mother and father，brothers and sisters，uncles，aunts，and cousins. In North America today，there is a dramatic rise in the number of single-parent households. Twice as many households in the United States are headed by divorced，separated，or never-married individuals as are comprised of nuclear families. The structure of the family，not just in North America, but throughout the world，continues to change as it adapts to changing conditions.
- 18 -
词汇:
nuclear /'nju:kh/ adj. 原子核的，中心的 harsh /ha:ʃ/ n. 严酷的
emergency /I'mʒ:dʒənsI/ n. 紧急状况 agranan / ə'greərlən/ adj. 土地的，耕地的
注释:
1. lt must be prepared to fend for itself. 它必须能够照料自己。
2. In North America，the elderly often do not live with the family; they live in retirement communities and nursing homes. 在北美洲，老人很少和家人一起生活;他们一般住在退休社 区和养老机构。
3. In harsh conditions，mobility allows the family to hunt for food. :在恶劣的条件下，流动性能让一个家庭吃饱饭。
练习:
1. Another good title for this passage would be_____. A) What Makes a Family? B) The Life of the Inuits. C) Living with Hardship.
D) The Failure of theNuclear Family. 2. A nuclear family is defined as_____.
A) a married couple with their minor children B) a single father with，minor children C) parents，grandparents，and children D) parents，children，and aunts and uncles
3. The information in this passage would most likely be found in_____. A) an anthropology textbook B) a biology textbook C) a mathematics textbook D) a geography textbook
4. The information in the first paragraph is presented mainly through _____. A) listing statistics B) telling a story
C) pointing out similarities D) pointing out differences
5. The word mobility means_____. A) money
B) readiness to move C) organization D) skill
答案与题解:
1. A 本题问的是:这篇文章的题目还可以是什么? A 的意思是是什么构成了一个家。B 的意 思是因纽特人的生活。C 的意思是生活得很艰难。D 的意思是核心家庭的失败之处。根据文意，本文主要介绍了与家庭相关的信息。B 不是主要内容。C 未提到。D 未提到。因
- 19 -
此A 是正确的答案。
2. A 本题问的是:核心家庭的定义是什么?根据第一段的第三句话:Until recently，the most common form in North America was the nuclear family，consisting of a married couple with their minor children. 可知 A 是正确的答案。
3. A 本题问的是:这篇文章最有可能出自哪里? A 的意思是人类学课本。B 的意思是生物课本。C的意思是数学课本。D 的意思是地理课本。本文主要介绍了家庭，因此最有可能是
人类学课本。所以 A 是正确的答案。
4. C 本题问的是:第一段的信息主要以何种方式陈述的?根据第一段的陈述方式，并没有列 出数据或者讲故事，而是通过描述共性而阐述出核心家庭的概念。因此 C 是正确的答案。
5. B 本题问的是:mobility 的词意。Mobility 是 mobile 的名词形式。根据文中第二段，核心家庭能够生存下去最重要的是能够有流动性，而钱、组织或是技能都不是能够使一个家庭吃饱饭的必要条件。因此 B 是正确的答案。
*第二十篇 Tales of the Terrible Past
It is not the job of fiction writers to analyze and interpret history. Yet by writing about the past in a vivid and compelling manner，storytellers can bring earlier eras to life and force readers to consider them seriously. Among those taking on the task of recounting history are some black writers who attempt to examine slavery from different points of view.
Nobel Prize-winning author Toni Morrison deals specifically with the legacy of slavery in her book Beloved. The main character in this novel，a former slave called Sethe，lives in Ohio in the years following the Civil War，but she cannot free herself from her horrific memories. Through a series of flashbacks and bitter reminiscences，the reader learns how and why Sethe escaped from the plantation she had lived on; the fate of her husband，who also tried to escape; and finally，what happened to the child called Beloved. Morrison's scenes of torture and murder are vivid and strongly convey the desperation of the slaves and the cruelty of their owners.
Charles Johnson's Middle Passage approaches slavery from a different，yet no less violent，vantage point. His main character，Rutherfprd Calhoun，is a ne'er-do-well free black American who stows away on a slave ship bound for Africa to collect its \"cargo\". Put to work after he is discovered，Calhoun witnesses firsthand the appalling conditions in which the captured Africans are transported. When they finally rebel and take over the ship，he finds himself in the middle -- and is forced to come to terms with who he is and what his values are.
Neither Beloved nor Middle Passage is an easy read，but both exemplify African American writers' attempts to bring significant historical situations alive for a modem audience. 词汇:
interpret /in'tə:prit/ v. 解释，翻译 desperation /despə'reiʃən/ n. 绝望的境地 recount /ri'kaunt / v. 叙述 capture /'kæptʃə / v. 俘获 slavery /'sleivəri / n. 奴隶制度 注释:
1. Yet by writing about the past in a vivid and compelling manner，storytellers can bring earlier eras to life and force readers to consider them seriously. 然而通过用一种生动有趣的方式来描
- 20 -
写过去，小说家可以将早期时代重现，并引起读者的重视。
2. His main character. Rutherford Calhoun. is a ne'er-do-well free black American who stows away on a slave ship bound for Africa to collect its \"cargo\" .他的主人公叫做 Rutherford Calhoun，是一个游手好闲，身份自由的美国黑人。他偷偷登上了一艘开往非洲贩卖奴隶的船只。
练习:
1. This passage is mostly about__________. A) the causes of slavery in America B) black writers in the late 20th century
C) why Morrison and Johnson wrote the books they did D) two novels that deal with slavery 2. Beloved is set__________. A) on a slave ship
B) on a plantation before the Civil War C) in Ohio after the Civil War D) in an African town
3. The writer seems to feel that__________.
A) eveyone should read Morrison's and Johnson's novels B) the books are worthwhile but challenging C) black writers should ignore racial issues
D) we will repeat the past if we don‟t learn about it
4. The writer emphasizes that the two books are similar in their__________. A) use of flashbacks B) treatment of women C) criticism of whites D) portrayal of violence
5. The word appalling means__________. A) terrible B) surprising C) guilty D) unrealistic
答案与题解:
1. D 本题问的是:这篇文章主要讲什么? A的意思是美国奴隶制的原因。B的意思是20世纪的黑人作家。C的意思是莫里森和约翰逊写书的原因。D的意思是关于奴隶制的两本小说。本文主要介绍了莫里森和约翰逊各自关于奴隶制的小说的主要内容，因此D是正确的答案。 2. C 本题问的是:“宠儿”的设置背景是什么?根据第二段的第二句话:a fornier slave called Sethe，lives in Ohio in the years following the Civil War可知其背景是在内战之后的俄亥俄州。因此C是正确的答案。
3. B 本题问的是:作者的感觉是什么?A的意思是每个人都应该读莫里森和约翰逊的小说。B的意思是这些作品非常值得写但又很有挑战性。C的意思是黑人作家应当忽略种族问题。D的意思是如果我们没有学习过去，那么这些过去会重现。A，C，D原文没有体现，因此B
- 21 -
是正确的答案。
4.D 本题问的是:作者强调两部作品的共同之处是什么?根据第三段的第一句话:yet no less violent可知两部作品都有对暴力的描写。因此D是正确的答案。
5. A 本题问的是:appalling的意思是什么?根据第三段对运送非洲人去美国的描述可知，此状况必然是不好的，糟糕的。A的意思是糟糕的。B的意思是令人惊讶的。C的意思是有罪的。D的意思是不现实的。因此根据文意，A是正确的答案。
*第二十六篇 Seeing the World Centuries Ago
If you enjoy looking through travel books by such familiar authors as Arthur Frommer or Eugene Fodor，it will not surprise you to lean that travel writing has a long and venerable history. Almost from the earliest annals of recorded time individuals have found ready audiences for their accounts of journeys to strange and exotic locales.1
One of the earliest travel writers，a Greek geographer and historian named Strabo，lived around the time of Christ. Though Strabo is known to have traveled from east of the Black Sea west to Italy and as far south as Ethiopia，he also used details gleaned from other writers to extend and enliven his accounts. His multivolumed work Geography provides the only surviving account of the cities，peoples，customs，and geographical peculiarities of the whole known world of his time.
Two other classic travel writers，the ltalian Marco Polo and the Moroccan Ibn Battutah，lived in roughly the same time period. Marco Polo traveled to China with his father and uncle in about A.D.1275 and remained there 16 or 17 years，visiting several other countries during his travels. When Marco returned to ltaly he dictated his memoirs，including stories he had heard from others，to a scribe，with the resulting book II milione being an instant success.Though difficult to attest to the accuracy of all he says，Marco's book impelled Europeans to begin their great voyages of exploration. 2
lbn Battutah's interest in travel began on his required Muslim joumey to Mecca in 1325，and during his lifetime he journeyed through all the countries where Islam held sway. 3 His travel book the Rihlah is a personalized account of desert journeys，court intrigues，and even the effect of the Back Death in the various lands he visited . In almost 30 years of traveling it is estimated that Ibn Battutah covered more than 75，000 miles.
词汇:
venerable / 'venərəbl/ adj. 庄严的，值得尊敬的 enliven /in'laivən/ v. 使生动 account /ə'kaunt/ n. 记述 voyage /'vɔiidʒ / n. 航行 exotic /ig'zɔtik/ v. 异国的，外来的 注释:
1. Almost from the earliest annals of recorded time individuals have found ready audiences for their accounts of journeys to strange and exotic locales. 几乎从最早有时间记载开始，人们就发现，他们对去一个陌生地方旅行的记录是不乏读者的。
2. „Marco's book impelled Europeans to begin their great voyages of exploration.„„马可的书促使欧洲人开始了他们伟大的航海探索之旅。
- 22 -
3. „he journeyed through all the countries where Islam held sway.„„他去了所有教掌权的国家旅行。
练习:
1. This passage is mostly about__________. A) why people find travel writing exciting B) the literary style of three early travel writers
C) where three early travel writers went and wrote about D) how to write a travel book
2.Ibn Battutah traveled__________. A) to China B) to Ethiopia
C) throughout the Muslim word D) for 16 or 17 years
3. The books bf the three writers were popular because__________. A) they listed good places to stay
B) they told of strange and exotic locales
C) they explained the best routes to get to places D) all of their stories were firsthand accounts
4. The overall organization of this passage is through__________. A) chronological order B) spatial description
C) travel writers‟ personal narratives D) persuasive details
5. In this passage attest means to__________. A) give an examination to B) draw a map of C) tell lies to D) give proof of
答案与题解：
1.C 本题问的是:这篇文章主要讲了什么? A的意思是为什么人们觉得旅行写作令人激动。 B 的意思是三位早期旅行作家的文学风格。C的意思是三位早期旅行作家去过的地方以及 他们的写作内容。D的意思是如何写一部旅行作品。根据本文内容，C选项最符合题意。因此C是正确的答案。
2.C 本题问的是:Ibn Battutah到过哪里旅行?根据最后一段的第一句话:he journeyed through all the countries where Islam held sway，可知，他去过了所有穆斯林的国家。因此C是正确的答案。
3.B 本题问的是:三位作家的作品都很受欢迎，原因是什么? A 的意思是他们列出了好的地 方。B的意思是他们写出了陌生的外面的地方。C的意思是他们说明了去一些地方的最好路线。D的意思是他们的所有故事都是一手资料。根据第一段的最后一句话可知，旅行作品吸引读者的地方在于它描述了一个陌生的地方，因此B是正确的答案。
4.A 本题问的是:这篇文章的整体布局是依照什么?本文主要依照时间顺序介绍了公元前后 的三位作家，按时间先后用序，因此A是正确的答案。
- 23 -
5. D 本题问的是:在这篇文章中attest是什么意思? attest出现在第三段的最后一句话，为的 是表达马可所说的无法被证实是否都属实。A的意思是考察。B的意思是画一张地图。C的意思是说谎。D的意思是证实。因此D是正确的答案。
*第三十篇 “Lucky” Lord Lucan ----- Alive or Dead
On 8th November 1974 Lord Lucan，a British aristocrat，vanished. The day before，his children's nanny had been brutally murdered and his wife had been attacked too. To this day the British public are still interested in the murder case because Lucan has never been found. Now，over 30 years later，the police have reopened，the case，hoping that new DNA techniques will he1p solve this murder mystery.1
People suspected that“Lucky”，as he was called by friends，wanted to kill his wife he no longer lived with. They say that Lucan entered his old house and in the dark，killed the nanny by mistake. His estranged wife heard noises，came downstairs and was also attacked，but managed to escape. Seven months after the murder，a jury conc1uded that Lucan had ki1led the nanny.
What happened next is unc1ear，but there are several theories which fall into one of three categories：he may have killed himself，he could have escaped or he might have been killed. It appears that the night after the murder，“Lucky”borrowed a car and drove it，Lucan's friend Aspinall said in an interview that he thought Lucan had committed suicide by sinking his boat in the English Channel.
Another version of events says that “Lucky” left the blood-soaked car on the coast and took a ferry to France.2 He was met there by someone who drove him to safety in another country. However，after a time，his rescuers became worried that they would become involved in the murder too and so Lucan was killed.
A further fascinating theory was made in the book Dead Lucky by Duncan MacLaughlin，a former detective. He believes that Lucan travelled to Goa，India，where he assumed the identity of a Mr Barry Haplin. Lucan then lived in Goa till his death in 1996. In the end the c1aim turned out be a case of mistaken identity. The man who died in 1996 was real1y Haplin，an exschoolteacher turned hippy. So what is the truth about Lucky? DNA testing has solved many murder cases，but who knows if it can cIose the book on this one. 3
词汇：
vanish / 'værnf / v. 消失 suicide /'sjvisaid/ n. 自杀 case / keis / n. 案件 detective / d‟ tekt iv/ n. 侦探 nanny /'næni/ n. 保姆
注释： 1. Now，over 30 years later，the police have reopened the case，hoping that new DNA techniques will help solve this murder mystery. 30 多年后的今天，重新调查案件，希望新的 DNA技术帮助揭开这个谋杀之谜。
2. Another version of events says that “Lucky” left the blood-soaked car on the coast and took a ferry to France. 另一个版本是说“幸运的”把被血染了的车子扔在了海岸上，乘上了一艘开往法国的船。
- 24 -
3. DNA testing has solved many murder cases，but who knows if it can close the book on this one. DNA 鉴定破了很多谋杀案件，但是不知它能否把这个案件做个了结。
练习：
1. The public are still interested in the investigation because______. A) of the terrible murder
B) of the use of new DNA techniques C) Lord Lucan has never been found D) Loard Lucan was famous
2. It is thought that Lucan killed the nanny because______. A) she was looking after the children B) she was a friend of Lucan's
C) it was dark and he thought she was Lady Lucan D) Loard Lucan thought the nanny stole his car 3. Aspinall thought Lucan killed himself by______. A) jumping into water
B) jumping out of his house C) sailing his boat D) sinking his boat
4. Lucan could have been killed because people ______. A) didn't want the police to catch him
B) thought he might talk to the police about them if he was caught C) were unhappy with him D) thought he was rich
5. Ex-detective MacLaughlin claimed that Mr Barry Haplin ______. A) was an old schoolteacher B) died in Goa，India
C) was really Lord Lucan in disguise D) was a merchant
答案与题解：
1. C 本题问的是：公众对这件谋杀的调查依旧很感兴趣的原因是什么?根据第一段第二句 话：To this day the British public are still interested in the murder case because. Lucan has never been found. 可知 C 是正确的答案。
2. C 本题问的是：Lucan 被认为是杀了保姆的凶手是因为什么? A 的意思是保姆正在照看孩子。B 的意思是她是 Lucan 的一个朋友。C 的意思是一片漆黑中 Lucan 以为她是自己的太太。D 的意思是Lucan 认为保姆偷了他的车。根据原文意思，可知 C 是正确的答案。 3. D本题问的是：Aspinall 认为 Lucan 是怎样自杀的?根据第三段的最后一句话：他觉得 Lucan 伯爵在英吉利海峡弄沉了自己坐的船，已经自杀了。因此 D 是正确的答案。
4. B本题问的是：Lucan 可能已经被杀了，原因是什么?根据第四段的最后一句话：他们担心 自己也会被卷入到谋杀案件中，因此杀了 Lucan。最符合此意的选项为 B ，意思为他们觉得 如果 Lucan 被捕，他有可能跟提起这些人。
5. C 本题问的是：前侦探 MacLaughlin 声称Barry Haplin是什么?根据本文最后一段： MacLaughlin确信，Lucan 逃到了印度的果阿，在那里他换了个身份假装 Barry Haplin 这个
- 25 -
人。C的意思是 Barry Haplin 是 Lucan 伯爵假装的。因此C是正确的答案。
*第三十三篇 Oseola McCarty
LATE ONE SUNDAY AFTERNOON in September 1999，Oseola McCarty，an elderly cleaning lady passed away in the little wooden frame house where she had lived and worked most of her life. It may seem like an ordinary end to a humble life，but there was something quite exceptional about this woman. 1
In the summer of 1995 ，McCarty gave $ 150，000，most of the money she had saved throughout her life，to the University of Southern Mississippi in her hometown. The money was to help other African Americans through university. She had started her savings habit as a young child when she would return from school to clean and iron for money which she would then save.
She led a simple，frugal existence，never spending on anything but her most basic needs. 2 Her bank also advised her on investing her hard-earned savings.
When she retired，she decided that she wanted to use the money to give children of limited Means the opportunity to go to university. 3 She had wanted to become a nurse，but had to leave school to look after ill relatives and work. When asked why she had given her life savings away，she replied，“I’m giving it away so that children won't have to work so hard，like I did. ” After news of her donation hit the media，over 600 donations were made to the scholarship fund. One was given by media executive，Ted Turner，who reputedly gave a billion dollars.
She didn't want any fuss made over her gift，but the news got out and she was invited all over the United States to talk to people. Wherever she went ，people would come up to her to say a few words or to just touch her. She met the ordinary and the famous，President Clinton included. In the last few years of her life，before she died of cancer，McCarty was given over 300 awards：she was honoured by the United Nations and received the Presidential Citizen' s Medal. Despite having no real education，she found herself with two honorary doctorates：one from the University of Southern Mississippi and the other from Harvard University. Her generosity was clearly an inspiration to many and proof that true selflessness does exist.
词汇:
frugal /'fru:gəl/ adj. 节约的，俭朴的，花钱少 的，物质
的，廉价的 fuss /fʌs / n. 慌乱，小题大做，抱怨争吵 V. 忙 donation /dəv’neifə n/ n. 捐赠，捐款，捐赠的 乱，(为小事)烦恼抱怨
注释:
1. It mayseem like an ordinary end to a humble life，but there was something quite exceptional about this woman. 这位老妇人看似平凡的一生却有着非同寻常的意义。
2. She led a simple，frugal existence，never spending on anything but her most basic needs. 她一生过着简单、节俭的生活，除了生活必需品外她从不在其他事情上花钱。
3. When she retired，she decided that she wanted to use the money to give children of limited means the opportunity to go to university. 当她退休的时候，她决定用钱给那些条件有限的孩 子提供上大学的机会。
练习:
- 26 -
1. This woman shocked and inspired the world because _______. A) she had managed to save so much money B) she gave her money to African Americans
C) she gave her life savings to help others through university D) she only spent money on cheap things
2. She managed to save so much mOI1y because_______. A) she had ironed and washed clothes all her life
B) she had worked hard ，saved hard and invested carefully C) she had opened a good向 bank account D) she knew how to make money
3. She gave her money away because_______. A) she wanted to help -the university
B) she wanted others to have the chance to become nurses
C) she wanted others to have the opportunity to escape a hard life D) she want to be remembered after her death 4. When her generosity was made_______. A) people donated billions
B) hundreds of students got scholarships
C) hundreds of people put money into the fund D) she was sent to university
5. McCarty became famous because _______. A) of her generosity
B) of her exceptional skills C) she had saved $ 150，000 D) she travelled all over America
答案与题解:
1. C 本题的问题是:这个女人震撼和鼓舞世界的原因是什么?从文章的第一段最后一句看出 这个女人有不同于寻常人的地方，第二段第一句直接给出了她不同寻常有着卓越意义的原因，即捐款 150000 美元。故此题答案为 C。A、B 项不切题。D 选项未提及。
2. B本题的问题是:她能够攒下如此多的钱的原因是什么?从文中第二段最后一句话与第三 段第一句话可以得出结论，她从年轻的时候便开始有积蓄的习惯并且除了生活必需品外几 乎没有开销，故本题答案为 B。A 项不切题，C，D 项未提及。
3. C本题的问题是:她把钱捐出来的原因是什么?由第四段中间她的回答可知，她是想让孩 子们摆脱苦难的生活，不用生活得如此艰辛。故此题答案为 C。
4. C 本题的问题是:她的慷慨行为公之于世后有什么样的影响?由第四段最后两句可得出答
案，原文只提及一个名为 Ted Turner 的人捐款十亿美元，所以 A 选项不正确，B 选项不切题，D 选项未提及，故本题正确答案为 C。
5. A本题的问题是：McCarty 因什么而闻名?总览全文可知A为正确答案C，D 选项不切题，
B 选项未提及。
+第三十四篇 To Have and Have Not
- 27 -
It had been boring hanging about the hotel all afternoon. The road crew were playing a game with dollar notes. Folding them into small planes to see whose would fly the furthest.1 Having nothing better to do，I joined in and won five，and then took the opportunity to escape with my profit. Despite the evil-looking clouds，I had to get out for a while.
I headed for a shop on the other side of the street. Unlike the others，it didn't have a sign shouting its name and business，and instead of the usual impersonal modern lighting，there was an appealing glow inside. Strangely nothing was displayed in the window. Not put off by this，I went inside.
It took my breath away. I didn't know where to look, where to start. On one wall there hung three hand-stitched American quilts that were in such wonderful condition they might have been newly-made. I came across tin toys and antique furniture, and on the wall in front of me, a 1957 Stratocaster guitar , also in excellent condition. A card pushed between the strings said $50. I ran my hand along a long shelf of records, reading their titles. And there was more...
“Can I help you？” She startled me. I hadn't even seen the woman behind the counter come in. The way she looked at me, so directly and with such power. It was a look of such intensity that for a moment I felt as if I were wrapped in some kind of magnetic or electrical field. I found it hard to take and almost turned away. But though it was uncomfortable. I was fascinated by the experience of her looking straight into me, and by the feeling that I was neither a stranger, nor strange, to her.
Besides amusement her expression showed sympathy. It was impossible to tell her age；she reminded me faintly of my grandmother because, although her eyes were friendly, I could see that she was not a woman to fall out with. I spoke at last. 'I was just looking really,' I said, though secretly wondering how much of the stuff I could cram into the bus.
The woman turned away and went at once towards a back room, indicating that I should follow her. But it in no way lived up to the first room. The light made me feel peculiar, too. It came from an oil lamp that was hung from the centre of the ceiling and created huge shadows over everything. There were no rare electric guitars, no old necklaces, no hand-painted boxes with delicate flowers. It was also obvious that it must have taken years, decades, to collect so much rubbish, so many old documents arid papers.
I noticed some old books, whose gold lettering had faded, making their titles impossible to read. 'They look interesting,' I said, with some hesitation. 'To be able to understand that kind of writing you must first have had a similar experience,' she said clearly. She noted the confused look on my face, but didn't add anything.
She reached up for a small book which she handed to me. 'This is the best book I can give you at the moment,' she laughed. “If you use it.” I opened the book to find it full. or rather empty, with blank white pages, but paid her the few dollars she asked for it, becoming embarrassed when I realised the notes were still folded into little paper planes. I put the book in my pocket, thanked her and left.
词汇：
impersonal /im'pə:sənəl/ adj. 客观的；非个人的；没有人情味的；[语] 非人称的 n.[语]非人称动词；不具人格的事物
- 28 -
antique /æn'ti:k/ adj. 古老的，年代久远的 n. 古董，古玩 startle /'stɑ:tl/ vt. vi. 使吓一跳，使惊奇 n.惊愕，惊恐 arid / 'ærid/ adj. 干旱的，枯萎的。毫无生气的 magnetic /mæg'netik/ adj. 有吸引力的，磁极的
注释：
1. The road crew were playing a game with dollar notes. Folding them into small planes to see whose would for the furthest.
巡回乐团道具管理组的成员在用美元玩儿游戏，把纸币折成纸飞机的形状然后看谁飞得最远。
2. I was fascinated by the experience of her looking straight into me, and by the feeling that I was neither a stranger , nor strange, to her. 我还是觉得那种被直视的感觉很美妙，那种感觉是我既不是陌生人而且对她来说并不陌生。
3. The light made me feel peculiar, too. It came from an oil lamp that was hung the centre of the ceiling and created huge shadows over everything. 房间的灯光也让我感觉和特别，灯光来自天花板上的油灯，使一切都笼罩在巨大的阴影之下。
练习：
1. Why did the writer want to leave the hotel? A) To enjoy the good weather. B) To have a change of scene. C) To spend all his winnings. D) To get away from the crew.
2. What attracted the writer to the shop? A) The lack of a sign or name. B) The fact that it was nearby. C) The empty window display. D) The light coming from inside.
3. The writer found the stock in the front of the shop__________. A) of top quality B) of good value C) difficult to get at D) badly displayed
4. What was unusual about the way the woman looked at him? A) It made him feel self-conscious. B) She was happy to stare at him. C) She seemed to know him well. D) It made him want to look away.
5. The writer disliked the back room because__________. A) there was hardly anything in it B) she had ordered him to go there C) he saw nothing he really liked
- 29 -
D) it was too dark to look around
答案与题解：
1. B 本题的问题是：为什么作者想要离开宾馆？由本文第一段第一句可以得出答案。在宾馆是十分无聊的，最后一句也写出作者不顾天气不好而想要出去走走，A，C选项错误，D选项未提及。
2. D 本题的问题是：是什么吸引作者到那个商店？由第二段中间“there was an appealing glow inside.” 可以得出答案。A，C选项不切题。D选项未提及。
3. A 本题的问题是：作者发现在小店前面存放的物品是怎样的？从第三段对于物品的详细描述可以得出答案。“ On one wall there hung three hand-stitched American quilts that were in such wonderful condition they might have been newly-made. I came across tin toys and antique furniture, and on the wall in front of me, a 1957 Stratocaster guitar , also in excellent condition.”
4. C 本题的问题是：那个女人看他的方式有什么不同？由第四段最后一句“I was fascinated by the experience of her looking straight into me, and by the feeling that I was neither a stranger, nor strange, to her.”有一种似曾相识的感觉。
5.C 本体的问题是：作者不喜欢后屋的原因？从文中的第六段和第七段可以得出结论，他认为没有什么他真正喜欢的东西。“It was also obvious that it must have taken years, decades, to collect so much rubbish, so many old documents arid papers.”“I noticed some old books, whose gold lettering had faded, making their titles impossible to read. 'They look interesting,' I said, with some hesitation.”
+第三十五篇 Going Her Own Way
When she was twelve, Maria made her first important decision about the course of her life. She decided that she wanted to continue her education, Most girls from middle-class families chose to stay home after primary school，though some attended private Catholic \"finishing\" schools. There they learned a little about music，art，needlework，and how to make polite conversation. This was not the sort of education that interested Maria —or her mother. By this time，she had begun to take her studies more seriously. She read constantly and brought her books everywhere. One time she even brought her math book to the theater and tried to study in the dark. Maria knew that she wanted to go on learning in a serious way. That meant attending the public high school，something that very few girls did. In Italy at the time，there were two types of high schools: the \"classical\" schools and the \"technical\" schools. In the classical schools，the students followed a very traditional program of studies，with courses in Latin and Greek language and literature，and Italian literature and history1. The few girls who continued studying after primary school usually chose these schools.
Maria，however，wanted to attend a technical school. The technical schools were more modem than the classical schools and they offered courses in modern languages，mathematics，science，and accounting2.Most people — including Maria's father — believed that girls would never be able to understand these subjects. Furthermore，they did not think it was proper for girls to study them.
Maria did not care if it was proper or not. Math and science were the subjects that interested her most. But before she could sign up for the technical school，she had to win her father' sapproval. She finally did，with her mother's help，though for many years after，there was tension
- 30 -
in the family. Maria's father continued to oppose her plans，while her mother helped her.
In 1883，at age thirteen，Maria entered the \"Regia Scuola Tecnica Michelangelo Buonarroti\" in Rome. Her experience at this school is difficult for us to imagine. Though the courses included modern subjects，the teaching methods were very traditional. Learning consisted of memorizing long lists of facts and repeating them back to the teacher. Students were not supposed to ask questions or think for themselves in any way. Teachers were very demanding，discipline in the classroom was strict，and punishment was severe for those who failed to achieve or were disobedient.
词汇:
discipline /'disiplin/ n. 纪律，学科，训练，惩罚 punishment / 'pʌniʃmənt/ n. 惩罚，严厉对待，虐待
注释:
1. In the classical schools，the students followed a very traditional program of studies，with courses in Latin and Greek language and literature，and Italian literature and history. 在传统学校中，学生们都依照一种非常传统的教学方式学习，包含拉丁语、希腊语与文学课，还有意大利文学与历史。
2. The technical schools were more modem than the classical schools and they offered courses in modern languages，mathematics，science，and accounting. 技术学校比传统学校要现代得多， 他们提供的课程有现代语言、数学、自然科学，以及会计学。
练习:
1. Maria wanted to attend________.
A） private “finishing” school B） school with Latin and Greek C） technical high school D） school for art and music
2. In those days, most Italian girls________. A) went to classical schools B) went to “finishing” schools C) did not go to high school D) went to technical schools
3. You can infer from this passage that________. A) girls usually attended private primary schools B) only boys usually attended technical schools C) girls did not like going to school D) only girls attended classical schools 4. Maria‟s father probably________. A) had very modern views about women B) had very traditional views about women C) had no opinion about women
D) thought women could not learn Latin
5. High school teachers in Italy In those days were________.
- 31 -
A) very modern B) very intelligent C) quite scientific D) quite strict
答案与题解：
1. C 本题的问题是：Maria想去个怎样的学校？由文中第三段可明确得出结论。“Maria, however, wanted to attend a technical school .” A, B, D项均有明显错误。
2. C 本题的问题是：在当时的意大利大多数女孩的选择是什么？由文中的第一段可知“Most girls from middle–class families chose to stay home after primary school ,”所以本题的正确答案为C。
3. B 本题为推理题，问题是：从全文可以得出什么样的结论？A选项未提及。C选项错误，原文只说大多数女孩子都选择呆在家里，并未说她们都不喜欢读书。D选项错误，原文只说就算是上学的话大多数女孩子都选择传统学校，而并非只有女孩子可以去。所以正确答案为B。
4. B 本题问的是：Maria的父亲对女性的态度是什么？由文中第三段倒数第二句“Most people—including Maria’s father —believed in the girls would never be able to understand these subjects.”可以得出答案，父亲和大多数人一样都持传统观念。
5. D 本题的问题是：当时的意大利高中教师是怎样的？从文中最后一段可以得出结论“Teachers were very demanding, discipline in the classroom was strict, and punishment was severe for those who failed to achieve or were disobedient,”故正确答案为D。
+第三十七篇 Pop Music in Africa
Young musicians in African countries are creating a new kind of pop music. The tunes and the rhythms of their music combine African traditions with various forms of music popular today, such as hip-hop, rap, rock, jazz, or reggae. The result is music that may sound familiar to listeners anywhere in the world, but at the same time is distinctly African. It is different also in another way: Many of the songs are very serious and they deal with important social or political issues in Africa today.
Eric Wainaina is one of these African musicians. He grew up in Nairobi, Kenya, in a family of musicians. As a teenager, he listened to pop music from the United States, and later he moved to Boston to study at the Berklee College of Music. Now he has produced a CD in Kenya. Eric's most popular song, \"Land of „A Little Something‟” is about Kenya's problem of bribery, or paying others for illegal favors. He wants people to listen to his songs and think about how to make Kenya a better place to live.
Another musician who writes serious songs is Witness Mwaijaga from Tanzania. Her own experiences have helped her understand the suffering of many African women. At the age of fifteen she lost her home, but she was luckier than other homeless young people. She could make a living by writing songs and singing on the street. By the time she was eighteen years old, she had become a star. Her songs are written in rap or hip-hop style about the problems that she sees in Tanzania, especially AIDS and the lack of rights for women1.
Baaba Maal, from Senegal, also feels that pop music must go beyond entertainment. He says
- 32 -
that in Senegal, storytellers have always been important people. In the past, they were the ones who kept the history of their people alive. Baaba believes that songwriters now have a similar responsibility. They must write about the world around them and help people understand how it could be better. The words of his songs are important, in fact. They speak of peace and cooperation among Africans, as well as the rights of women, love for one' s family, and saving the environment2.
One of South Africa's most popular musicians is Brenda Fassie. She is sometimes compared to Madonna, the American pop star, because she likes to shock people in her shows. But she also likes to make people think. She became famous in the 1980s for her simple pop songs against apartheid. Now that apartheid has ended, her songs are about other issues in South African culture and life. To sing about these, she uses local African languages and a new pop style called kwaito.
In recent years, people outside of Africa have also begun to listen to these young musicians. Through music, the younger generation of Africans are connecting with the rest of the world and, at the same time, influencing the rest of the world.
词汇：
reggae /'regei/ n. 瑞格舞（西印度群岛的舞曲） bribery /'braibəri/ n. 行贿，贿赂
apartheid / ə 'P a:theit / n. 种族隔离
注释：
1. Her songs are written in rap or hip-hop style about the problems that she sees in Tanzania, especially AIDS and the lack of rights for women. 她用嘻哈和说唱的风格写歌，歌曲的内容是 坦桑尼亚的各种问题，特别是艾滋和女性权利的缺失。
2. They speak of peace and cooperation among Africans, as well as the rights of women, love for one's family, and saving the environment. 他倡导在非洲要和平与协作，同时也包括妇女权利、热爱家庭和保护环境。
练习：
1. This passage is about how African pop music is_______. A) usually about love and romance B) more serious than most pop music C) popular with young people in Africa D) mostly written just for entertainment
2. For people outside of Africa, African pop music is _______. A) the same as other pop music B) not usually very interesting C) entirely strange to them D) both familiar and different
3. The musicians mentioned in this passage all_______. A) write about serious problems B) studied in the United States C) lost their homes at a young age D) write songs in a new pop style
- 33 -
4. Eric Wainaina_______. A) prefers to sing in English B) listened to traditional music C) studied music in Boston
D) performs only in the United States
5. Witness Mwaijaga writes about the problem of women partly because_______. A) she was had a difficult life herself B) there are many problems in Tanzania C) she has had an easy life herself D) there are no other women singers
答案与题解：
1. B 本题的问题是：非洲流行音乐的不同之处是什么？由第一段倒数第一句可以得出答案。“It is different also in another way : Many of the songs are very serious and they deal with important social or political issues in Africa today.” A,D项错误，C项未提及。
2.D 本题的问题是：对于非洲以外的人来说，非洲流行音乐给他们的感觉是什么？从第一段可以得出答案。“The result is music that may sound familiar to listeners anywhere in the world , but at the same time is distinctly Afican.”故正确选项为D。
3. A 本题的问题是：全文所提到的音乐家的共同的特点是什么？总览全文可以得出结论。全文通篇在讲有关社会和政治等严肃主题的音乐，故正确答案为A。B,C,D都有明显的错误。 4. C 本题的问题是：Eric Wainaina的成长细节。由第二段可以得出答案。“„and later he moved to Boston to study at the Berklee College of Music.” 其余选项均有错误。
5. A 本题的问题是：Witness Mwaijaga 写有关女人的问题的原因是什么？答案在第三段第二句“Her own experiences have helped her understand the suffering of many African women.”明显可见是她有切身经历。所以正确答案为A。
+第三十八篇 Why So Many Children?
In many of the developing countries in Africa and Asia , the population is growing fast . The reason for this is simple : Women in these countries have a high birth rate — from 3.0 to 7.0 children per woman . The majority of these women are poor , without the food or resources to care for their families ? The answer may be that they often have no choice . There are several reasons for this .
One reason is economic . In a traditional agricultural economy , large families are helpful . Having more children means having more workers in the fields and someone to take care of the parents in old age1. In an industrial economy, the situation is different. Many children , do not help a family; instead, they are an expense. Thus, industrialization has generally brought down the birth rate. This was the case in Italy, which was industrialized quite recently and rapidly. In the early part of the twentieth century, Italy was a poor, largely agricultural country with a high birth rate. After World WarⅡ, Italy's economy was rapidly modernized and industrialized. By the end of the century, the birth rate had dropped to 1. 3 children per woman, the world's lowest.
However, the economy is not the only important factor that influences birth rate. Saudi Arabia, for example, does not have an agriculture-based economy, and it has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world. Nevertheless, it also has a very high birth rate(7.0). Mexico and Indonesia, on the other hand, are poor countries, with largely agricultural economies, but they
- 34 -
have recently reduced their population growth.
Clearly, other factors are involved. The most important of these is the condition of women. A high birth rate almost always goes together with lack of education and low status for women.2 This would explain the high birth rate of Saudi Arabia. There, the traditional culture gives women little education or independence and few possibilities outside the home. On the other hand, the improved condition of women in Mexico, Thailand, and Indonesia explains the decline in birth rates in these countries. Their governments have taken measures to provide more education and opportunities for women.
Another key factor in the birth rate is birth control. Women may want to limit their families but have no way to do so. In countries where governments have made birth control easily available and inexpensive, birth rates have gone down. This is the case in Singapore, Sri Lanka, and India, as well as in Indonesia, Thailand, Mexico, and Brazil. In these countries, women have also been provided with health care and help in planning their families.
These trends show that an effective program to reduce population growth does not have to depend on better economic conditions.3 It can be effective if it aims to help women and meet their needs. Only then, in fact, does it have any real chance of success.
词汇：
industrialization / in‟dʌstriəlai‟zeiʃən/ n. 工业
possibility /pɔsə'biləti/ n. 可能性，可能发生的事物 effective /i'fektiv/ adj. 有效的，起作用的，实际的
注释：
1. In a traditional agricultural economy, large families are helpful. Having more children means having more workers in the fields and someone to take care of the parents in old age. 传统的农业经济中，家庭成员数目多是十分有利的。孩子多意味着田里的劳动力多且有人给父母养老。 2. A high birth rate almost always goes together with lack of education and low status for women. 高的生育率往往与妇女缺乏教育与社会地位低下相关。
3. These trends show that an effective program to reduce population growth does not have to depend on better economic conditions. 这些趋势表明有效的控制人口的方案并不依赖于良好的经济状况。
练习：
1. In a traditional agricultural economy, a large family_______. A. can be an advantage B. may limit income C. isn‟t necessary D. is expensive
2. When countries become industrialized, _______. A. families often become larger
B. the birth rate generally goes down
C. women usually decide not have a family D. the population generally grows rapidly
3. According to this passage, Italy today is an example of an _______.
- 35 -
A. agricultural country with a high birth rate B. agricultural country with a low birth rate C. industrialized country with a low birth rate D. industrialized country with a high birth rate
4. Saudi Arabia is mentioned in the passage because it shows that _______. A. the most important factor influencing birth rate is the economy B. factors other than the economy influence birth rate
C. women who have a high income usually have few children D. the birth rate depends on per capita income
5. In Mexico, Thailand, and Indonesia, the government _______. A. is not concerned about the status of women B. has tried to industrialize the country rapidly C. does not allow women to work outside the home D. has tried to improve the condition of women 答案与题解：
1. A 本题的问题是：在传统的农业经济中，大的家庭的影响是什么？从文中第二段第二句和第三句话可以得出明确的答案。“In a traditional agricultural economy, large families are helpful. Having more children means having more workers in the fields and someone to take care of the parents in old age.”所以答案为A，是优势。
2. B 本题的问题是：当国家工业化后，人口和出生率的状况是什么？从第二段意大利的例子可以明确得出答案。“In the early part of the twentieth century, Italy was a poor, largely agricultural country with a high birth rate. After World War Ⅱ, Italy's economy was rapidly modernized and industrialized.”由此可见出生率降低。
3. C 本题的问题是：本文举出意大利的例子要说明什么？从第二段意大利的前后对比的情况可以看出正确答案为C。 4. B 本题的问题是：文中提到沙特阿拉伯的例子说明了什么？由第三段开头可知“However, the economy is not the only important factor that influences birth rate.”下面将要介绍其他的因素，之后以沙特阿拉伯为例。故正确答案为B。经济以外影响出生率的因素。
5. D本题的问题是：墨西哥、泰国、印度尼西亚的采取了怎样的措施？从文中第四段后半部分“On the other hand, the improved condition of women in Mexico, Thailand, and Indonesia explains the decline in birth rates in these countries. Their governments have taken measures to provide more education and opportunities for women.”可以得出结论。另一方面从第四段开头也可以得出结论。“The most important of these is the condition of women.”之后举出这几个国家的例子，从而也可以得出结论。
+第四十七篇 Narrow Escape
We had left the hut too late that morning. When we stepped outside, the sky beyond the mountains to our east was already livid with colour.1 It meant the day would be a hot one, and the warmth would loosen rocks that were gripped by ice.
As soon as we stepped out on to the face, it became obvious this was going to be an awkward route. The main problem was talus, the debris that collects on mountainsides. Talus is despised by mountaineers for two reasons. First, because it can easily be pushed off on to you by people climbing above. And second, because it makes every step you take insecure.
- 36 -
For about 30 minutes we moved steadily up the face. The rock was in poor condition, shattered horizontally and mazed with cracks. When I tried to haul myself up on a block of it, it would pull out towards me, like a drawer opening. My hands became progressively wetter and colder2. Then came a shout. \"Cailloux! Cailloux!\" I heard yelled from above, in a female voice. The words echoed down towards us. I looked up to see where they had come from.
There were just two rocks at first, leaping and bounding down the face towards us, once cannoning off each other in mid-air. And then the air above suddenly seemed alive with falling rocks, humming through the air and filling it with noise. Crack, went each one as it leapt off the rock face, then hum-hum-hum as it moved through the air, then crack again. The pause between the cracks lengthened each time, as the rocks gained momentum and jumped further and further. I continued to gaze up at the rocks as they fell and skipped towards me. A boy who had been a few years above me at school had taught me never to look up during a rock fall. \"Why? Because a rock in your face is far less pleasant than a rock on your helmet,\" he told us. \"Face in, always face in.\" I heard Toby, my partner on the mountain that day, shouting at me. I looked across. He was safe beneath an overhanging canopy of rock. I could not understand him. Then I felt a thump, and was tugged backwards and round, as though somebody had clamped a heavy hand on my shoulder and turned me to face them. A rock had hit the lid of my rucksack.
I looked up again. A rock was heading down straight towards me. Instinctively, I leant backwards and arched my back out from the rock to try to protect my chest. What about my fingers, though, I thought: they'll be crushed flat if it hits them, and I'll never get down. Then I heard a crack directly in front of me, and a tug at my trousers, and a yell from Toby.\"Are you all right? That went straight through you.\"The rock had pitched in front of me, and passed through the hoop of my body, between my legs, missing me but snatching at my clothing as it went.
Toby and I had spent the evening talking through the events of the morning: what if the big final stone hadn't leapt sideways, what if I'd been knocked off, would you have held me, would I have pulled you off? A more experienced mountaineer would probably have thought nothing of it. I knew I would not forget it. 词汇：
livid ['livid] adj. 铅色的；青灰色的；非常生气的 awkward ['ɔ:kwəd] adj. 笨拙的；尴尬的；棘手的； grip/ɡrip / n. 紧握；支配 vt. 紧握；夹紧 注释：
1. When we stepped outside, the sky beyond the mountains to our east was already livid with colour. 我们走到外面，东面笼罩在山上的天空是青灰色的。
2. For about 30 minutes we moved steadily up the face. The rock was in poor condition, shattered horizontally and mazed with cracks. When I tried to haul myself up on a block of it, it would pull out towards me, like a drawer opening. My hands became progressively wetter and colder. 我们平稳前进了30分钟。岩石的状况很不好。当我们试图把自己拉上去，它就会滑向我们，像一个打开的抽屉。我的手巨剑出汗变得冰冷。
3. Then I felt a thump, and was tugged backwards and round, as though somebody had clamped a heavy hand on my shoulder and turned me to face them. A rock had hit the lid of my rucksack 然后我感到了一阵重击，紧紧向后拉扯，像是有人使劲儿地用手夹住我的肩膀然后把我转向面对他的方向。一块石头砸在了我背包的盖子上。 练习：
- 37 -
1. Why was it “too late” by the time they left the hut in the morning? A) It would be uncomfortable climbing in hot weather. B) The livid colour of the sky would hurt their eyes. C) Rocks loosened by melting ice could be dangerous. D) They wouldn't be able to walk on the melting ice.
2. The first reason given to explain why mountaineers hate talus is_______. A) that climbers above you might cause it to fall on you B) that it allows people climbing above you to push off C) that it makes people climbing above you feel insecure D) that it can cause other people to push you off the mountain 3. What is likely to be the meaning of \"Cailloux\"? A) Rocks are flying through the air. B) Rocks are falling.
C) There are loose rocks on the ground ahead. D) There are rocks everywhere.
4. What is sarcastic in the words of the boy in paragraph four? A) He didn't keep his ''face in\".
B) Not every climber wears a helmet.
C) It is very difficult not to look up during a rockfall. D) Being hit by a rock isn't \"pleasant\" at all. 5. In what sense was Toby \"safe\"?
A) The overhanging rock would protect him from falling rocks. B) He felt a hand on his shoulder. C) His rucksack was protected. D) He had hidden under a canopy.
答案与题解：
1. C 本题的问题是：为什么说他们离开小屋的时间晚了？由第一段可以知道答案“It meant the day would be a hot one, and the warmth would loosen rocks that were gripped by ice. ”可知岩石的状况已经不是很好了，故此题的正确答案为 C。
2. A 本题的问题是：登山者讨厌斜坡的第一个原因是什么？由原文第二段可以直接得出答 案。“First, because it can easily be pushed off on to you by people climbing above. ” 3. B 本题的问题是：“Cailloux”这个词的意思是什么？由第三段后半部分与第四段开头可知 这个单词是石头滑落的意思。“it would pull towards me, like a drawer opening”“There were just two rocks at first, leaping and bounding down the face towards us, once cannoning off each other in mid-air.” 4. D 本题的问题是：在第四段男孩话语中讽刺的是什么？由第四段“‘Why? Because a rock in your face is far less pleasant than a rock on your helmet，’he told us. ‘Face in, always face in.’”可知正确答案为 D。
5. A 本题的问题是：Toby安全的标志是什么？由文中第五段“I looked across, he was safe beneath an overhanging canopy of rock. \"可以得出答案。
- 38 -
补全短文
第九篇 Heat Is Killer
Extremely hot weather is common in many parts of the world. Although hot weather just makes most people feel hot, it can cause serious medical problems -- even death. Floods, storms, volcano eruptions and other natural disasters kill thousands of people every year. 1 Experts say heat may be nature's deadliest killer. Recently, extreme heat was blamed for killing more than one hundred people in India. It is reported that the total heat of a hot day or several days can affect health. (2) . Experts say heat waves often become dangerous when the nighttime temperature does not drop much from the highest daytime temperature. This causes great stress on the human body.
(3) . Stay out of the sun, if possible. Drink lots of cool water. Wear light colored clothing made of natural materials; avoid wearing synthetic clothing. Make sure the clothing is loose，permitting freedom of movement1. And learn the danger signs of the medical problems, such as headache and vomiting，that are linked to heat. (4) . The pain is a warning that the body is becoming too hot2. Doctors say those suffering headache or muscle pain should stop all activity and rest in a cool place and drink cool liquids. Do not return to physical activity3 for a few hours because more serious conditions could develop.
Doctors say some people face an increased danger from heat stress. (5) . Hot weather also increases dangers for people who must take medicine for high blood pressure4，poor blood flow，nervousness or depression.
词汇:
eruption /i'rʌpʃəm/ n. 爆发，喷发 vomit / 'vɔmit/ v. 呕吐 deadly /'dedli/ adj. 致命的 muscle /'mʌsl/ n. 肌肉 synthetic /sin'θetik/ adj. 合成的
注释:
1. Make sure the clothing is loose，permitting freedom of movement. 衣服一定要宽松，以便活 动自如。make sure 意为“确信，保证”，其后面从句的谓语要用一般现在时。如：Make sure the door is locked before you leave. permitting freedom of movement是分词短语，用做目的状语。
2. The pain is a warning that the body is becoming too hot. 疼痛是一个警告，说明你的身体过热。that the body is becoming too hot是同位语从句，与warning同位，说明warning的内容。 3. physical activity：体力活动
4. Hot weather also increases dangers for people who must take medicine for high blood pressure ... ：炎热天气对于那些必须服药以控制血压的人„„也增加了危险性。
练习:
A Such persons have a weak or damaged heart，high blood pressure，or other problems of the
- 39 -
blood system.
B Several of these conditions are present at the same time.
C Most people suffer only muscle pain as a result of heat stress. D Several hot days are considered a heat wave. E So does extreme heat.
F Doctors say people can do many things to protect themselves from the dangers of extreme heat.
答案与题解：
1. E 本文的标题是 Heat Is Killer，通篇文章说的是heat的危害性及预防方法。“空1”前面的句子是，\"Floods，storms，volcano eruptions and other natural events kill thousands of people every year，“空1”后面的句子是，\"…heat may be nature's deadliest killer\"。所以这里应将最致命的杀手E提出。
2. D “空2”后面的句子说到heat waves，而选项D的句子中也出现heat wave，说明这两个句子意思上有联系。“空2”的句子是对\"heat wave”下定义，为下一句的展开作了铺垫。D 是答案。
3. F 第一段末尾说，白天的热浪，如果到夜晚没有降温，会给身体带来巨大的压力，这是很危险的。第二段就列举了许多保护自己免受高温伤害的方法。“空3”的句子应该是位于段首的概括句。选项F说人们有多种办法保护自己，完全符合要求，因此是答案。
4. C 紧跟“空4”后面句子中有特指的the pain，说明前文一定出现过pain这个词。选项C的句子中有pain，且C的句子填入后，上下文意思连贯，所以是答案。
5. A “空5”前面的句子意思为：某些人在热浪期间特别危险。读者或许会问，是哪些人呢？选项A回答了这个问题，所以是答案。
*第十一篇 Virtual Driver
Driving involves sharp eyes and keen ears，analyzing with a brain，and coordination between hands，feet and brain. A man has sharp eyes and keen ears，analyzes through his brain，and maintains coordination between his hands and brains. He can control a fast-moving car with different parts of his body. (1)_ _ Apparently there isn't anyone in the driver's cab，but there is in fact a virtual driver1. This virtual driver has eyes，brains，hands and feet too. The minicameras on each side of the car are its eyes and are responsible for observing the road conditions ahead of it as well as the traffic to its left and right. If you open the boot，you can see the most important part of the automatic driving system: a built-in computer. (2)_ _ _ The brain of the car is responsible for calculating the speeds objects surrounding the car are moving at2, analyzing their position on the road, choosing the right path, and giving orders to the wheel and the control system.
In comparison with the human brain, the virtual driver's best advantage is that it reacts quickly. (3)_ _ However, it takes the world's best racecar driver at least one second to react, and this doesn't include the time he needs to take action.
With its rapid reaction and accurate control，the virtual driver can reduce the accident rate on expressways considerably. In this case, is it possible for us to let it have the wheel3 at any time and in any place? ___4___. With its limited ability to recognize things, the car can now only travel on expressways.
- 40 -
The intelligent car determines its direction by the clear lines that mark the lanes clearly and recognizes vehicles according to their regular shapes. ___5___. This being the case4, people still have high hopes about driverless cars， and think highly intelligent cars are what the cars of the future should be like5.
词汇：
virtual / 'və:tʃuəl / adj. 虚拟的 Built-in / 'bilt'in / adj. 嵌入的
coordination / kəu,ɔ:di'neiʃən / n. 协调，配合 racecar /'reis,kɑ:/ n. 赛车 cab / kæb / n. 驾驶室
expressway / ik'spreswei / n. 高速公路 minicamera / 'minikæmərə /n. 小型照相机 driverless / draivəles/adj. 无驾驶员的 boot / boot /n. (车身后部的)行李箱 注释：
1. virtual driver：虚拟驾驶员
2.The brain is responsible for calculating the speeds objects surrounding the car are moving at：大脑负责计算汽车周围物体移动的速度。 The brain is responsible for calculating the speeds objects surrounding the car are moving at ＝ The brain is responsible for calculating the speeds at which objects surrounding the car are moving 3.have the wheel：驾驶汽车
4.This being the case：虽然情况是这样。 This being the case 是分词短语。
5.highly intelligent cars are what the cars of the future should be like：未来的汽车就应该是高度智能化的汽车。
练习：
A．Experts say that we cannot do that just yet.
B．In the near future， intelligent cars will be put into commercial operation. C．This is the brain of the car.
D．But how does an intelligent car control itself?
E. It completes the processing of the images sent by the cameras within 100 milliseconds. F．However, it cannot recognize moving people and bicycles on ordinary roads that have no clear markings on them. 答案与解析：
1. D “空1” 前面三个句子讲的是真人驾驶员驾驶汽车时脑、眼、耳、手、脚并用，而且要协调配合。“空1”之后话题转入虚拟驾驶员。“空1”之后的第一句 “Apparently there isn‟t anyone in the driver‟s cab……”似来得有些突然。与前面句子接得很生硬。中间应该有个过渡句。选项 C 就是连接上下文的过渡句。
2. C “空2”前面一句说， 如果你打开车身后部的行李箱，你就能看到自动驾驶系统的最重要的部件，嵌入式电脑。“空2”后的句子中的 the brain of the car 自然是指前句的 built-in computer, 但接得太突然。选项 C 的 “This is the brain of the car ”就把前后句子联系起来了。this 指代上一句的 built-in comupter。后面句子的 The brain of the car 是重复选项 C中 的 The brain of the car，显得很自然。所以，C是答案。
3. E “空3”前面一句说，虚拟驾驶员最大的优点是反应快。 “空3”后面一句说，最好的赛车手至少要1秒钟才能作出反应。“至少要1秒钟”已经暗示，虚拟驾驶员反应速度要比真
- 41 -
人驾驶员快。一找，选项 E 果然说，虚拟驾驶员只需100毫秒就能作出反应。选项 E 使上下文的意思完整，因此是答案。
4. A “空4”前面是一个问句，即“在这种情况下，是不是可以不分时间、不分地点都让虚拟驾驶员驾驶汽车?”“空4”的句子应该回答这个问题：“让还是不让?”选项A回答了这个问题，因此是答案。
5. F “空5”前面一句的意思是，\"The intelligent car determines its direction by the clear lines that mark the lanes clearly and recognizes vehicles according to their regular shapes. \"（智能汽车按清晰标出的车道线决定自己的行车方向，靠车辆的常规形状识别其他车辆。）选项F的内容正好相反。上一句说\"recognizes\"，还有\"mark the lanes clearly\"，而F说\"cannot recognize\"，又说\"no clear markings\"。从意思表达和词汇重复上，都能判断出，F的句子应该出现在“空5”的位置上。
- 42 -
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容
Copyright © 2019- vipyiyao.com 版权所有 湘ICP备2023022495号-8
违法及侵权请联系：TEL:199 18 7713 E-MAIL:2724546146@qq.com
本站由北京市万商天勤律师事务所王兴未律师提供法律服务